Requirements analysis in the implementation of integrated PLM, ERP and CAD systems

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system implementation is a major investment when the technology is used in manufacturing companies. This paper provides an analysis of the requirements for the integration of PLM systems with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems incorporating the design aspects of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) within the product development process. PLM implementation deals with various existing product data and information generated over years both from CAD and ERP systems. Data integration is very challenging and has important impact on future decisions while creating new processes. The information management plays very important role not only in PLM implementation but also in the way this will be used in future production. Therefore it is very important to analyse how product information is transferred to PLM system. It also need to be investigated that what, when and how the data will flow from and to PLM systems

Statistical eigen-inference from large Wishart matrices

We consider settings where the observations are drawn from a zero-mean multivariate (real or complex) normal distribution with the population covariance matrix having eigenvalues of arbitrary multiplicity. We assume that the eigenvectors of the population covariance matrix are unknown and focus on inferential procedures that are based on the sample eigenvalues alone (i.e., "eigen-inference"). Results found in the literature establish the asymptotic normality of the fluctuation in the trace of powers of the sample covariance matrix. We develop concrete algorithms for analytically computing the limiting quantities and the covariance of the fluctuations. We exploit the asymptotic normality of the trace of powers of the sample covariance matrix to develop eigenvalue-based procedures for testing and estimation. Specifically, we formulate a simple test of hypotheses for the population eigenvalues and a technique for estimating the population eigenvalues in settings where the cumulative distribution function of the (nonrandom) population eigenvalues has a staircase structure. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methodologies over classical techniques and the robustness of the proposed techniques in high-dimensional, (relatively) small sample size settings. The improved performance results from the fact that the proposed inference procedures are "global" (in a sense that we describe) and exploit "global" information thereby overcoming the inherent biases that cripple classical inference procedures which are "local" and rely on "local" information.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS583 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Examining Income Convergence in Southern United States

County-level data for 11 southern states were used to examine income convergence between 1980 and 2000. Ordinary least squares regression of logarithmic difference on average per capita income in 1980 and 2000 indicated conditional income convergence over the 20-year period. The estimated rate of income convergence was 3.82% per year. This convergence varied across the region based on the initial and changed conditions of population density, African-American population, employment, education, age structure, and travel time to work.Financial Economics,

Income Convergence and Growth in Alabama: Evidence from Sub-county Level Data

1980 and 2000 Census Block Group (CBG) data were used to examine income convergence in all Alabama counties vis-à-vis Alabama’s Black Belt and Northwest regions. Though all three models demonstrated conditional income convergence, CBGs with smaller initial populations, smaller changes in African-American or dependent age populations had higher income changes.Alabama, African-Americans, Black Belt, Census Block Groups, Income Convergence, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Land Cover and Socio-economic Characteristics in the Eight Counties of Alabama: A Spatial Analysis

This study employed a clustering algorithm and a logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between cropland and demographic attributes obtained at the census block group level. The result indicated that population density, African Americans, and poverty are significantly related with crop land use in the region.Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

EFFECT OF VARIOUS IRRIGANTS ON DENTAL BIOFILM: A REVIEW

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of the article is to describe in brief the various endodontic irrigants on dental biofilm.Method: Articles based on various endodontic irrigants and dental biofilm were searched in an iterative manner from journals,books and sites suchas PubMed.Result: It was found out that sodium hypochlorite is more effective on dental biofilms than chlorhexidine, MTAD, EDTA, herbal irrigants and newirrigants such as Qmix and tetraclean.Conclusion: Disinfection of root canal system is done using mechanical instrumentation,chemical irrigation along with medication.Sodiumhypochlorite an excellent antibacterial agent,is the most commonly used and is more effective than other irrigants on dental biofilm.Keywords: Irrigants, Dental biofilm, Antimicrobial resistance, Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, Tetraclean, Herbal irrigants

Sleep-induced amaurosis fugax

Amaurosis fugax is a manifestation of retinal ischemia, commonly described in the setting of carotid atherosclerotic disease. Thromboembolic, and less frequently, hemodynamic mechanisms have been described as responsible for producing negative symptoms of transient monocular vision loss during periods of wakefulness. We report an unusual presentation in which the patient became symptomatic during sleep. Initially, photopsias-positive symptoms were experienced, which caused the patient to awaken; this was immediately followed by transient monocular vision loss. Carotid endarterectomy was curative

Maturation and Fecundity of Redear Sunfish

Based on gonosomatic indices and ovum diameter frequency distributions, the redear sunfish spawns from May through July. Fast growing 2-year-old (above 150 mm) and older fish attain sexual maturity. Mature ovum diameter ranged from 0.60 to 1.30 mm. Fecundity • total length, • total weight, and • age relationships were: 1nF = 5.95242 + 0.01967L (r²= 0.90), LnF = 8.80328 + 0.00594W (r²= 0.92), and 1nF = 8.19332 + 0.50231 A (r² =0.83), respectively

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Intranasal Spray for the Delivery of Amantadine

The aim of this study was to develop and characterise an intranasal delivery system for amantadine (AMT). Optimal formulations (F) consisted of a thermosensitive polymer Pluronic® 127 (P127) and either carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) or chitosan (CS) which demonstrated gel-transition at nasal cavity temperatures (34 °C ± 1 °C). Rheologically, the loss tangent (Tan δ) confirmed a three-stage gelation phenomena at 34 °C ± 1 °C and non-Newtonian behaviour. Storage of FCMC and FCS at 4 °C for 8 weeks resulted in repeatable release profiles at 34 °C when sampled, with a Fickian mechanism earlier on but moving towards anomalous transport by week 8. Polymers (P127, CMC and CS) demonstrated no significant cellular toxicity to human nasal epithelial cells up to 4 mg/mL and up to 1 mM for AMT (IC50: 4.5 mM ± 0.05 mM). FCMC and FCS demonstrated slower release across an in-vitro human nasal airway model (43-44 % vs 79 % ± 4.58 % for AMT). Using a human nasal cast model, deposition into the olfactory regions (potential nose-to-brain) was demonstrated upon nozzle insertion (5 mm) whereas tilting of the head forward (15°) resulted in greater deposition in the bulk of the nasal cavity