6,648 research outputs found
Implementing Change at 68th District Court: A Participant Observation Case Study
Implementation is an ignored area of research in Public Administration. Most Public Administrators are involved in implementing policy developed by the Legislature, the Governor, the Congress, the Mayor, the Board of Managers or the Board of Directors of a non-profit agency or an institution. As "implementers", they operate within organizations which possess certain characteristics and develop according to various principles. Perhaps the most difficult task administrators face is that of implementing change in organizations. The topic of this research, then, is to examine classical principles of organizations/organizational change which apply to the 68th District Court, City of Flint. The objective will be to develop a list of what the 68th District Court needs both short and long-term and a plan of action for meeting those needs.Master of Public AdministrationPublic AdministrationUniversity of Michigan-Flinthttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143449/1/HughesJ.pd
Fracture and Back Stress Along the Byrd Glacier Flowband on the Ross Ice Shelf
East Antarctic ice discharged by Byrd Glacier continues as a flowband to the calving front of the Ross Ice Shelf. Flow across the grounding line changes from compressive to extensive as it leaves the fjord through the Transantarctic Mountains occupied by Byrd Glacier. Magnitudes of the longitudinal compressive stress that suppress opening of transverse tensile cracks are calculated for the flowband. As compressive back stresses diminish, initial depths and subsequent growth of these cracks, and their spacing, are calculated using theories of elastic and ductile fracture mechanics. Cracks are initially about one millimeter wide, with approximately 30 in depths and 20 in spacings for a back stress of 83 kPa at a distance of 50 kin beyond the fjord, where floating ice is 600 in thick. When these crevasses penetrate the whole ice thickness, they release tabular icebergs 20 kin to 100 kin wide, spaced parallel to the calving front of the Ross Ice Shel
Basal Melting Along the Floating Part of Byrd Glacier
A mass balance calculation was made for the floating part of Byrd Glacier, using 1978-79 ice elevation and velocity data, over the 45 km of Byrd Glacier from its grounding line to where it leaves its fjord and merges with the Ross Ice Shelf. Smoothed basal melting rates were relatively uniform over this distance and averaged 12 +/- 2 m yr(-1)
Evidence for a Frozen Bed, Byrd Glacier, Antarctica
Ice thickness, computed within the fjord region of Byrd Glacier on the assumptions that Byrd Glacier is in mass-balance equilibrium and that ice velocity is entirely due to basal sliding, are on average 400 m less than measured ice thicknesses along a radio-echo profile. We consider four explanations for these differences: (1) active glacier ice is separated from a zone of stagnant ice near the base of the glacier by a shear zone at depth; (2) basal melting rates are some 8 m/yr; (3) internal shear occurs with no basal sliding in much of the region above the grounding zone; or (4) internal creep and basal sliding contribute to the flow velocity in varying proportions above the grounding zone. Large gradients of surface strain rate seem to invalidate the first explanation. Computed values of basal shear stress (140 to 200 kPa) provide insufficient frictional heat to melt the ice demanded by the second explanation. Both the third and fourth explanations were examined by making simplifying assumptions that prevented a truly quantitative evaluation of their merit. Nevertheless, there is no escaping the qualitative conclusion that internal shear contributes strongly to surface velocities measured on Byrd Glacier, as is postulated in both these explanations
Scaling in Plasticity-Induced Cell-Boundary Microstructure: Fragmentation and Rotational Diffusion
We develop a simple computational model for cell boundary evolution in
plastic deformation. We study the cell boundary size distribution and cell
boundary misorientation distribution that experimentally have been found to
have scaling forms that are largely material independent. The cell division
acts as a source term in the misorientation distribution which significantly
alters the scaling form, giving it a linear slope at small misorientation
angles as observed in the experiments. We compare the results of our simulation
to two closely related exactly solvable models which exhibit scaling behavior
at late times: (i) fragmentation theory and (ii) a random walk in rotation
space with a source term. We find that the scaling exponents in our simulation
agree with those of the theories, and that the scaling collapses obey the same
equations, but that the shape of the scaling functions depend upon the methods
used to measure sizes and to weight averages and histograms
ALMA Observations of the Largest Proto-Planetary Disk in the Orion Nebula, 114-426: A CO Silhouette
We present ALMA observations of the largest protoplanetary disk in the Orion
Nebula, 114-426. Detectable 345 GHz (856 micron) dust continuum is produced
only in the 350 AU central region of the ~1000 AU diameter silhouette seen
against the bright H-alpha background in HST images. Assuming optically thin
dust emission at 345 GHz, a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, and a grain temperature
of 20 K, the disk gas-mass is estimated to be 3.1 +/- 0.6 Jupiter masses. If
most solids and ices have have been incorporated into large grains, however,
this value is a lower limit. The disk is not detected in dense-gas tracers such
as HCO+ J=4-3, HCN J=4-3, or CS =7-6. These results may indicate that the
114-426 disk is evolved and depleted in some light organic compounds found in
molecular clouds. The CO J=3-2 line is seen in absorption against the bright 50
to 80 K background of the Orion A molecular cloud over the full spatial extent
and a little beyond the dust continuum emission. The CO absorption reaches a
depth of 27 K below the background CO emission at VLSR ~6.7 km/s about 0.52
arcseconds (210 AU) northeast and 12 K below the background CO emission at VLSR
~ 9.7 km/s about 0.34 arcseconds (140 AU) southwest of the suspected location
of the central star, implying that the embedded star has a mass less than 1
Solar mass .Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
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