(Re)Identify

My thesis intent is to provide new ways of seeing and understanding Limerick City. New perspectives that may encourage and promote a fresh approach to our attitude regarding the built environment around us. The main site I have chosen is a disused garage on the Dock Road, the old industrial heart of the city.. With the declining fate of the docks, many of the iconic buildings in the area have fallen into disrepair, and some have disappeared completely. My site is characterised by having a fragment of an 18th Century Granary wall as one of the bounding features of a now unused mechanics garage. It is surrounded on three sides by 1990’s industrial warhouses, and the fourth side is bounded by a national route, the N69, a main artery in and out of the city. Across the road, the site is faced with listed, newly re-roofed 5 storey 19th Century Granary building, the successer to the Granary that left the fragment of wall on the site. While the main site for the project is situated in this place, it stretches across the city in another less imposing and more intuitive way. The setting up of a route that traverses the built landscape is important to the project, moving from Industrial Dockland, through the Georgian Core and ending at the largest intact section of Medieval City Wall. The route is punctuated with light infrastructural keys or totems that allow a continuity of experience, and enable the person to be led along a path across the city that is unusual and rarely seen as a whole experience. Through this method it is intended to look at Limerick’s built heritage in a way that few experience at the moment, and to walk from the past into the present and back again

Reconstructing an Indo-European Family Tree from Non-native English texts

Mother tongue interference is the phenomenon where linguistic systems of a mother tongue are transferred to another language. Although there has been plenty of work on mother tongue interference, very little is known about how strongly it is transferred to another language and about what relation there is across mother tongues. To address these questions, this paper explores and visualizes mother tongue interference preserved in English texts written by Indo-European language speakers. This paper further explores linguistic features that explain why certain relations are preserved in English writing, and which contribute to related tasks such as native language identification.

Levels of unesterified fatty acids (nmol/ml) in WT and <i>fat-1</i> mice (n = 5).

<p>P- values derived from Student's t test. FDR, false discovery rate.</p

Study design and workflow for the lipidomic analyses.

<p>Heterozygous female <i>fat-1</i> and WT mice were fed a 6-month-long diet containing 10% corn oil, which is particularly enriched in omega-6 PUFAs. Blood was collected and plasma samples were prepared and divided into two aliquots. Before extraction, a mixture of internal standards was added to the plasma to normalize for variations in sample preparation or MS detection. Complementary untargeted and targeted lipidomic analyses were conducted, and the results were integrated for the generation of a unique lipidomic biosignature characteristic of the balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio found in <i>fat-1</i> mice.</p

Composition (% of the total) of cholesteryl esters in WT and <i>fat-1</i> mice (n = 5).

<p>P-values derived from Student's <i>t</i> test.</p

Lipidomic biosignature of <i>fat-1</i> mice.

<p>A, Correlation analysis was used to visualize the overall relationships between different features and (B) to identify which features are correlated with EPA. C, Clustering result shown as heatmap (distance measure using Pearson, and clustering algorithm using ward), providing an intuitive visualization of the characteristic lipidomic biosignature found in <i>fat-1</i> mice versus WT mice. Each colored cell on the map corresponds to a concentration value, with samples in rows and features/compounds in columns. Displayed are the top 25 lipids ranked by t-tests.</p

Pathway analysis.

<p>The activities of COX, LOX and CYP450 enzymes catalyze the formation of hundreds of oxylipins species with different biological activities starting from the omega-6 PUFAs precursors (<i>panel A</i>) and the omega-3 PUFAs (<i>panel B</i>). The <i>fat-1</i> mice had marked alterations in the CYP450 pathway and minor alterations in the LOX/COX pathways resulting in the increase of omega-3 oxylipins (green) and decrease of omega-6 oxylipins (red).</p

Overview of the omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs metabolism.

<p>Diet-derived omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) and omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are transformed into longer chains PUFAs by the sequential action of desaturases and elongases. PUFAs can be found in blood as unesterified fatty acids, esterified to more complex lipids such as cholesteryl esters and phospholipids, or converted into the oxygenated metabolites oxylipins. The figure shows chemical structures of fatty acids and derivatives highlighted in our study.</p

Untargeted lipidomic analysis.

<p>A, PLS-DA analysis showed a marked separation of plasma samples belonging to WT and <i>fat-1</i> mice, highlighting the features that contributed most to the variance between the two groups. B, Important features identified by PLS-DA. The colored boxes on the right indicate the relative concentrations of the corresponding metabolite in each group under study. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) is a weighted sum of squares of the PLS loadings taking into account the amount of explained Y-variation in each dimension. C, Important features selected by fold-change analysis (relative to WT) with threshold 2. The red circles represent features above the threshold. Note the values are on log scale, so that both up-regulated and downregulated features can be plotted in a symmetrical way. D, Levels of EPA and percent composition of CE-EPA in WT and <i>fat-1</i> mice (n = 5, Student's t test; ***, p<0.001). The data present the mean ± SEM.</p

Additional file 2: of A randomised, controlled, two-Centre open-label study in healthy Japanese subjects to evaluate the effect on biomarkers of exposure of switching from a conventional cigarette to a tobacco heating product

Appendix 2: Statistical Analysis Plan. (DOCX 96 kb