Chemistry, 95% Reference Intervals.

<p>Chemistry, 95% Reference Intervals.</p

Hematology, 95% Reference Intervals.

<p>Hematology, 95% Reference Intervals.</p

Logistic regression model for characteristics at ART initiation for adults who were older (≥ 50 years) compared to younger ones (18-50 years) (N=3316).

<p>Abbreviations: ALT – Alanine transaminase; AST – Aspartate transaminase; BMI – Body Mass Index; clear. – clearance; CD4+ – Cluster of Differentiation; CI – Confidence Interval; cp – copies; Cr. – Creatinine; IQR – Inter Quartile Range; Kg – Kilogramme; M² – Meter; SD – Standard Deviation; WHO – World Health Organization; <i>d</i>L – deciliter; g – grams; Hg – mercury; mmol – millimols; mL − milliliter; mm – millimeters; µL – microliter</p><p>* n=968 (</p><p>< 50 years n = 912; > 50 years n = 56) in log 10 copies per milliliter.</p><p>§ <i>Baseline adjusted model;</i> Ω <i>- model with viral load, interaction between gender and hemoglobin; and creatinine clearance (BMI excluded</i>)</p><p>α − WHO stages 2, 3 & 4 included as a linear trend</p

Characteristics at ART initiation stratified by age < 50 years and age ≥ 50 years.

<p>Abbreviations: ALT – Alanine transaminase; AST – Aspartate transaminase; BMI – Body Mass Index; CD4+ – Cluster of Differentiation; CI – Confidence Interval; cp – copies; IQR – Inter Quartile Range; neg – negative; OR – Odds Ratio; pos – positive; SD – Standard Deviation; WHO – World Health Organization; <i>d</i>L – deciliter; g – grams; Hg – mercury; mmol – millimols; mL − milliliter; mm – millimeters; µL – microliter</p><p>* <i>n=968 (< 50 years n = 912; > 50 years n = 56</i>)<i>.</i></p

Association of HIV diversity and virologic outcomes in early antiretroviral treatment: HPTN 052

<div><p>Higher HIV diversity has been associated with virologic outcomes in children on antiretroviral treatment (ART). We examined the association of HIV diversity with virologic outcomes in adults from the HPTN 052 trial who initiated ART at CD4 cell counts of 350–550 cells/mm³. A high resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to analyze baseline (pre-treatment) HIV diversity in six regions in the HIV genome (two in <i>gag</i>, one in <i>pol</i>, and three in <i>env</i>) from 95 participants who failed ART. We analyzed the association of HIV diversity in each genomic region with baseline (pre-treatment) factors and three clinical outcomes: time to virologic suppression after ART initiation, time to ART failure, and emergence of HIV drug resistance at ART failure. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not find any association of baseline HIV diversity with demographic, laboratory, or clinical characteristics. For the 18 analyses performed for clinical outcomes evaluated, there was only one significant association: higher baseline HIV diversity in one of the three HIV <i>env</i> regions was associated with longer time to ART failure (p = 0.008). The HRM diversity assay may be useful in future studies exploring the relationship between HIV diversity and clinical outcomes in individuals with HIV infection.</p></div

Associations of baseline HIV diversity and treatment outcomes^*.

<p>Associations of baseline HIV diversity and treatment outcomes^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0177281#t002fn002" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Kaplan-Meier curve of time to TB for persons diagnosed with incident TB by 96 weeks post-ART initiation.

<p>Kaplan-Meier curve of time to TB for persons diagnosed with incident TB by 96 weeks post-ART initiation.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

<p>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for discriminating TB cases from controls.

<p>* Baseline model includes age (continuous), gender, study site, prior history of TB, BMI group (>18.5, 18.5–24.9, ≥ 25), and CD4+ T cell count group.</p><p>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for discriminating TB cases from controls.</p

Baseline characteristics of cases and controls.

<p>¹ Baseline characteristics of cases and controls were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables or Fisher’s exact test for discrete variables.</p><p>² EFV+3TC/ZDV = efavirenz 600 mg daily, lamivudine-zidovudine 150 mg / 300 mg twice daily</p><p>ATV+DDI+FTC = atazanavir 400 mg daily, didanosine-EC 400 mg daily, emtricitabine 200 mg daily</p><p>EFV+FTC/TDF = efavirenz 600 mg daily, emtricitabine-tenofovir 200 mg / 300 mg daily</p><p>Baseline characteristics of cases and controls.</p