A STUDY OF THE COMPARISON OF INTERESTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE MAJORS WITH THE INTERESTS OF OTHER ADULTS AS MEASURED BY THE KUDER PREFERENCE RECORD

This study was undertaken to compare the interests of social science majors with the interests of other adults based on data gathered from a survey of male students of Kansas State Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kansas. A differentiation between preferences of social science majors and those of the general population was made using Fisher\u27s discriminant function. A group of 121 social science majors were tested by means of a special mailing form (Form C) of the Ruder Preference Record. Sixty-two valid returns were used in this study. The mean raw scores of the Social Science Majors tended to show a pattern of interest with the highest percentile ranks being obtained in the literary, social service, and musical areas. The lowest percentile ratings were in mechanical, computational, and scientific areas. The scores of Social Science Majors tended to closely resemble the High School Teachers of Social Studies. Fisher\u27s discriminant function was used to obtain relative weights which could be applied to raw scores to produce a criterion regressed score. Within the Social Science group there were two some-what different patterns. One group was the majors who ex-pressed satisfaction with the present occupation; the other group preferred a different kind of work entirely. The mean raw scores of the Like group tended to be higher in the areas of social service, literary, scientific, persuasive, and artistic activities; while the Different group obtained higher scores in the fields of computational, musical, and clerical activities. It was found that the Like group most closely resembled the High School Teachers of Social Studies. When their scores were weighted, seventy-six per cent of the Like group were above the fiftieth percentile as com-pared to fifty-three per cent of the Different group. Forty-seven per cent of the Different group had scores below the fiftieth percentile--almost double the twenty-four per cent of the Like group. On the basis of the weighted scores of Social Science Majors, it would seem that a differentiation is possible. Weighted scores discriminate consistently enough at higher levels of percentile rank to permit a distinction between those who are satisfied in a pattern of social science interests and those who do not profess interests in this field of endeavor

Bobcats Do Not Exhibit Rub Response Despite Presence at Hair Collection Stations

We evaluated the detection rate for hair snare sampling for bobcats (Lynx rufus) using colocated hair snares and infrared-triggered cameras at 20 locations on private property in eastern Texas. Hair snares and cameras were placed together at survey stations that included both visual and olfactory attractants. In 1,680 trap-nights we photographically documented 15 visits by bobcats but collected only one bobcat hair sample. Our observations suggested limited rubbing behavior by bobcats at hair snares despite presence at hair collection stations. The explanation for this behavior remains unclear but is consistent with observations of low and variable hair trap success for this species. Although presence of other carnivores, especially gray fox, may inhibit rub response of felids, we did not document gray foxes at our hair collection stations. Low rub frequency may limit the utility of these techniques for bobcats and we suggest that alternate techniques such as camera surveys or fecal DNA collection may be more suitable

Study of the Self-Concept Levels of Boys and Girls at the First Grade Level of School

Educational Administratio

Estimating Bobcat Abundance in East Texas Using Infrared-triggered Cameras

Reliable population estimation techniques for cryptic forest predators generally are lacking. Development of an efficient and reliable technique to estimate predator abundance directly would be a valuable tool for wildlife managers concerned with predator management. We evaluated the potential for camera survey techniques to provide abundance estimates for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in southeastern forest habitats. We also determined our ability to capture other forest carnivores photographically using these techniques. We used TrailMaster 1500 active infrared-triggered cameras to estimate abundance on a 1318-ha private land holding in eastern Texas. Camera stations were located along roads and wildlife travel corridors using a 65-ha block grid overlaying the property. We established 20 camera stations yielding a mean coverage of approximately 1 camera/65.9 ha. All camera stations were baited with bobcat urine and a visual attractant and monitored for 12 weeks. We recorded 15 bobcat photographic events of seven separate individuals that were identified using spot pattern and other distinctive markings. These data were used to derive a population abundance estimate of seven bobcats during the 12-week study period using the computer program CAPTURE. This corresponded to a density of 0.29–0.58 bobcats/km2, which compared favorably with other studies conducted in similar habitats. In addition to providing a monitoring technique for bobcats, photographic survey techniques could be adapted for monitoring other cryptic carnivores

Fuel price elasticities for single-unit truck operations in the United States

This paper provides fuel price elasticity estimates for single-unit truck activity, where single-unit trucks are defined as vehicles on a single frame with either (1) at least two axles and six tires; or (2) a gross vehicle weight greater than 10,000 lb. Using data from 1980 to 2012, this paper applies first-difference and error correction models and finds that single-unit truck activity is sensitive to certain macroeconomic and infrastructure factors (gross domestic product, lane miles expansion, and housing construction), but is not sensitive to diesel fuel prices. These results suggest that fuel price elasticities of single unit truck activity are inelastic. These results may be used by policymakers in considering policies that have a direct impact on fuel prices, or policies whose effects may be equivalent to fuel price adjustments

Fuel price elasticities in the U.S. combination trucking sector

This paper estimates fuel price elasticities of combination trucking operations in the United States between 1970 and 2012. We evaluate trucking operations in terms of vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption for combination trucks. Our explanatory variables include measures of economic activity, energy prices, and indicator variables that account for important regulatory shifts and changes in data collection and reporting in national transportation datasets. Our results suggest that fuel price elasticities in the United States’ trucking sector have shifted from an elastic environment in the 1970s to a relatively inelastic environment today. We discuss the importance of these results for policymakers in light of new policies that aim to limit energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles

Method for Identifying Probable Archaeological Sites from Remotely Sensed Data

Archaeological sites are being compromised or destroyed at a catastrophic rate in most regions of the world. The best solution to this problem is for archaeologists to find and study these sites before they are compromised or destroyed. One way to facilitate the necessary rapid, wide area surveys needed to find these archaeological sites is through the generation of maps of probable archaeological sites from remotely sensed data. We describe an approach for identifying probable locations of archaeological sites over a wide area based on detecting subtle anomalies in vegetative cover through a statistically based analysis of remotely sensed data from multiple sources. We further developed this approach under a recent NASA ROSES Space Archaeology Program project. Under this project we refined and elaborated this statistical analysis to compensate for potential slight miss-registrations between the remote sensing data sources and the archaeological site location data. We also explored data quantization approaches (required by the statistical analysis approach), and we identified a superior data quantization approached based on a unique image segmentation approach. In our presentation we will summarize our refined approach and demonstrate the effectiveness of the overall approach with test data from Santa Catalina Island off the southern California coast. Finally, we discuss our future plans for further improving our approach

Refinement of a Method for Identifying Probable Archaeological Sites from Remotely Sensed Data

To facilitate locating archaeological sites before they are compromised or destroyed, we are developing approaches for generating maps of probable archaeological sites, through detecting subtle anomalies in vegetative cover, soil chemistry, and soil moisture by analyzing remotely sensed data from multiple sources. We previously reported some success in this effort with a statistical analysis of slope, radar, and Ikonos data (including tasseled cap and NDVI transforms) with Student's t-test. We report here on new developments in our work, performing an analysis of 8-band multispectral Worldview-2 data. The Worldview-2 analysis begins by computing medians and median absolute deviations for the pixels in various annuli around each site of interest on the 28 band difference ratios. We then use principle components analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis to train a classifier which assigns a posterior probability that a location is an archaeological site. We tested the procedure using leave-one-out cross validation with a second leave-one-out step to choose parameters on a 9,859x23,000 subset of the WorldView-2 data over the western portion of Ft. Irwin, CA, USA. We used 100 known non-sites and trained one classifier for lithic sites (n=33) and one classifier for habitation sites (n=16). We then analyzed convex combinations of scores from the Archaeological Predictive Model (APM) and our scores. We found that that the combined scores had a higher area under the ROC curve than either individual method, indicating that including WorldView-2 data in analysis improved the predictive power of the provided APM