R Code for Running Analyses of Boyle et al. 2016

This text file contains the R code used to perform the analyses detailed in Boyle et al. 2016 "The Impact of Geographic Range, Sampling, and Time on Extinction Risk in the Volatile Clade Graptoloida" including general linear models and permutation tests. The file also contains details about data manipulation outside of the R environment

Boyle&Ryan2016_Appendix 1_PhylogeneticMatrix

Phylogenetic matrix of 73 brachythoracid taxa with 121 characters used in Boyle & Ryan 2016

Loading Values for PLSR analysis from Boyle et al. 2016

This excel file contains the loading values for the partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) described in the text of Boyle et al. 2016 "The Impact of Geographic Range, Sampling, and Time on Extinction Risk in the Volatile Clade Graptoloida". Values are given for each taxon subset described in Table 2 of the article

Ethnic differences in prevalence of actionable HbA1c levels in UK biobank: implications for screening

Introduction Early detection and treatment of diabetes as well as its prevention help lessen longer-term complications. We determined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the UK Biobank and standardized the results to the UK general population. Research design and methods This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline UK Biobank data on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to compare the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in white, South Asian, black, and Chinese participants. The overall and ethnic-specific results were standardized to the UK general population aged 40–70 years of age. Results Within the UK Biobank, the overall crude prevalence was 3.6% for pre-diabetes, 0.8% for undiagnosed diabetes, and 4.4% for either. Following standardization to the UK general population, the results were similar at 3.8%, 0.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. Crude prevalence was much higher in South Asian (11.0% pre-diabetes; 3.6% undiagnosed diabetes; 14.6% either) or black (13.8% pre-diabetes; 3.0% undiagnosed diabetes; 16.8% either) participants. Only six middle-aged or old-aged South Asian individuals or seven black would need to be tested to identify an HbA1c result that merits action. Conclusions Single-stage population screening for pre-diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes in middle-old or old-aged South Asian and black individuals using HbA1c could be efficient and should be considere