The de-identified final dataset for the study population.

The de-identified final dataset for the study population.</p

Antivenom products administered, numbers of vials, and rates of acute allergic reactions.

Antivenom products administered, numbers of vials, and rates of acute allergic reactions.</p

CONSORT diagram of participant inclusions and exclusions.

KHDSS: Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System.</p

Boxplots of clinical laboratory values on admission to hospital stratified by development of snakebite associated severe local tissue damage.

Boxplots represent the distribution of blood results stratified by participants with and without severe local tissue damage (defined as developing skin necrosis or requiring local surgery). The box details the median, the 25th percentile, and the 75th percentile. The whiskers extend to the highest value that is within 1.5x the interquartile range from the edge of the box. All data points are overlayed and scattered horizontally to aid visualisation.</p

Characteristics of paediatric snakebite cases presenting to Kilifi County Hospital.

Characteristics of paediatric snakebite cases presenting to Kilifi County Hospital.</p

Characteristics of snakebite associated paediatric deaths.

Characteristics of snakebite associated paediatric deaths.</p

Overview of the anatomical locations of paediatric snakebite in Kilifi County and the proportion developing severe local tissue damage at each site.

The left side of the image shows the proportion of children bitten at each anatomical site. The central 0.5% section represents the two children with non-limb bites. The right side of the image describes the proportion of bites at each anatomical site that were associated with severe local tissue damage (defined as developing skin necrosis or requiring local surgery). Created with BioRender.</p

Annual population-incidence of hospital-attended paediatric snakebite.

Population incidence is presented per 100,000 person-years of follow-up. The numerator is represented by the number of children presenting to Kilifi County Hospital each year with snakebite. The denominator is the number of person-years of follow-up recorded in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System study area, which is recorded through household survey every 4-months. The bands represent the 95% confidence intervals. Population incidence is stratified by age category.</p

Upset plot of indications for administering antivenom to children with snakebite at Kilifi County Hospital.

Upper bar chart, x axis: list of the various combinations of indications for administering antivenom; y axis: number of children that had each combination of antivenom indications. Lower left bar chart, x axis: total numbers of children that had each indication for antivenom; y axis: list of individual indications for administering antivenom. Other systemic signs included excess salivation, vomiting, and restlessness.</p

Population incidence of hospital-attended paediatric snakebite by age.

Population incidence is presented per 100,000 person-years of follow-up. The numerator is represented by the average annual number of children presenting to Kilifi County Hospital with snakebite between 2006 and 2021, stratified by year of age. The denominator is the average annual number of person-years of follow-up recorded in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System study area between 2006 and 2021, stratified by year of age. The band represents the 95% confidence interval.</p