Preparation and characterization of polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposite films and their electrochemical performance

A one-step electrochemical process had been employed to synthesize nanocomposite films of polypyrrole/graphene (PPy/GR) by electrochemical polymerisation on indium tin oxide (ITO) from an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomer, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and sodium p-toluenesulfonate (NapTS). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the typical peak of GO at 9.9o was missing from the nanocomposite’s diffraction pattern, suggesting that the GO had been stripped off of its oxygenous groups after the reaction. We postulated that a nanocomposite film was produced through a layer-by-layer deposition based on field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The Raman spectroscopy profiles exhibited that the D/G intensity ratio (ID/IG) of PPy was not altered by the inclusion of GO due to the low concentration of the material used. However, the concentration was sufficient to increase the specific capacitance of the nanocomposite by 20 times compared to that of pure PPy, reflecting a synergistic effect between PPy and GR, as analysed by a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites was affected by varying the deposition parameters such as concentrations of pyrrole and GO, scan rate, deposition time and deposition potential

Double Blind Randomized Control Study on the Efficacy of Aesculus Hippocastanum in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a long term disease that causes inflammation of joints between the vertebral bones and the joints between the spine and the pelvis. It eventually causes the affected spinal bones to join together and results in restricted movements, such as peripheral arthritis and iritis. A hospital based double blind randomized control study was carried out on Bharatesh Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Belgaum, Karnataka. The study group of 30 was selected based on double blind randomized control method. This is before and after without control type of experimental study. 30 Ankylosing Spondylitis diagnosed cases were considered. Data collected were analyzed and inferred with T test used to calculate. Result: The overall response of the treatment with the help of 10 Homoeopathic medicines. It was observed that out of 30 patients, 19 patient were cured, 7 patients improved, 4 patients showed no response. Conclusion: Homoeopathic constitutional remedies are very effective in treating s in Ankylosing Spondylitis. There were no side effects during the treatment