Investigation of Internal Erosion Susceptibility of Core Soil from Three Dams

Laboratory tests on internal erosion of cohesionless soils are often performed on cells submitted to a controlled seepage. The cell dimension depends on the grain size of tested soil and must meet the geometric and hydraulic scale requirements as regards to the modeled process. Three specimens collected from different zoned dams in Morocco were characterized for their geotechnical properties and dispersion sensitivity, and then submitted in two different cells to internal erosion (Hole Erosion Test) under controlled seepage. The erosion kinetics was measured, and soil classification was assessed as regards to the useful engineering guidelines. The results showed that specimen dimensions can affect the erosion parameters which are quite different from a cell to another. Even though the derived erosion coefficient values are different from the two testing cells, the classification of the three soils regarding the susceptibility to erosion, using engineering guidelines, indicated that the tested soils fall overall in neighboring erosion classifications. However, the soil involving the lower clay content provided the greatest resistance against internal erosion

A Comparative Study on the Sensitivity of D-Dimer with Doppler ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Introduction: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a coagulation disorder that is on the rise due to lifestyle changes. Patients with DVT are at risk for developing a life-threatening complication, pulmonary embolism which urges the importance of its early diagnosis. The Gold standard modality for its early diagnosis is invasive which is Venography. Other modalities like compression ultrasound and duplex imaging are noninvasive but operator-dependent and not routinely available during evening and night shift hours. D-Dimer is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective, and easily available diagnostic test that can be helpful in diagnosis. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity of D-Dimers with Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative (validation) study in which 65 admitted patients with a high risk of DVT on Well’s criteria for clinical diagnosis were enrolled by non-probability convenience sampling from March to August 2018. Both D-Dimer and Doppler ultrasounds were performed on all suspected patients of DVT.Results: Amongst 65 cases, 60 (92.3%) had positive Dimer results compared to 65 (100.0%) with the Doppler ultrasound. The difference between the two diagnostic modalities was statistically significant (p-value = 0.02). The sensitivity of D-dimers was 92.3% however specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0% as none of the cases was negative on ultrasound Doppler.Conclusion: The D-dimer test is a conveniently performed, cost-effective test with a sensitivity of more than 90% in the current study and can be useful for Emergency and critical care departments

A Comparative Study on the Sensitivity of D-Dimer with Doppler ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Introduction: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a coagulation disorder that is on the rise due to lifestyle changes. Patients with DVT are at risk for developing a life-threatening complication, pulmonary embolism which urges the importance of its early diagnosis. The Gold standard modality for its early diagnosis is invasive which is Venography. Other modalities like compression ultrasound and duplex imaging are noninvasive but operator-dependent and not routinely available during evening and night shift hours. D-Dimer is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective, and easily available diagnostic test that can be helpful in diagnosis. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity of D-Dimers with Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative (validation) study in which 65 admitted patients with a high risk of DVT on Well’s criteria for clinical diagnosis were enrolled by non-probability convenience sampling from March to August 2018. Both D-Dimer and Doppler ultrasounds were performed on all suspected patients of DVT.Results: Amongst 65 cases, 60 (92.3%) had positive Dimer results compared to 65 (100.0%) with the Doppler ultrasound. The difference between the two diagnostic modalities was statistically significant (p-value = 0.02). The sensitivity of D-dimers was 92.3% however specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0% as none of the cases was negative on ultrasound Doppler.Conclusion: The D-dimer test is a conveniently performed, cost-effective test with a sensitivity of more than 90% in the current study and can be useful for Emergency and critical care departments

The Anthrax Outbreak

DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7052BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 6

The Analytical Solution and Numerical Simulation for Ytterbium-Doped Silica Glass Fiber Laser Output Power

In this paper as the first the rate equations in end pump fiber laser have been solved analytically with negligible the scattering loss and the output power versus input power has been derived. The result were applied for a single and double clad Yb3+- doped silica glass fiber laser, for lasing transition it acts  as a quasi-four-level system the effect of the, type concentration core radius fiber length output  reflectivity, pump power and figure of inner cladding on the output lasing power have been studied. Keywords: Rare-Earth; Fiber Laser; Rate Equation; Quasi four levels

Hepatitis –C Transmission; Frequency of Common Risk Factors Transmitting Disease among Adults

Objective: To determine common risk factors transmitting hepatitis C among adult population and their frequency.Design & duration: This is a prospective study completed in duration of six months from July 2019 to December 2019.Setting: Study was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Patients &methods: Patients reporting to out-patient doors of the study institution with hepatitis-C during study period were included in this study. Consecutive sampling technique was used. Sample size determined using WHO sample size calculator. A performa was designed in which all necessary data was documented in the form of questions having multiple options. Right option was selected according to patient response. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were made for selection of study cases. All collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was applied. Stratification of risk factors was done. P-value less than 0.05 were taken significant. Frequency and percentage for qualitative variables and means, SD determined for quantitative variables Results: Total 130 cases were included in study sample. Age range was 25-59 years with mean age 45.42±5.6 (SD) years. There were 9.2% between 20-30 years, 20% between 31-40 years, 31.5% between 31-40 years and 39.2% between 51-60 years of age. There were 58.5% male and 41.5% female cases. Most common transmission factor reported was history of dental procedure in 33.1% of our study population.  Conclusion: Hepatitis-C is a very common disease in Pakistani population more common in old age and most common mode of transmission was dental procedures and second most common factor was infected blood transfusio

Illiterate Mothers; A Common Risk Factor Of Severe Anemia Among Childen Below 10 Years Of Age

Objective: To determine common risk factors of severe anemia among children below 10 years of ageDesign and duration:  This is a prospective study completed in duration of eight months from July 2019 to February 2020Setting: Study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Patients & methods: Children below ten years of age presenting to the study hospital with the complaint of severe anemia were included in the study. These cases were not having any obvious other morbidity causing anemia. Complete blood count and blood morphology was done in every child. Hemoglobin level below 7g/dl was taken as severe anemia in this study. Confidence interval was 95%, margin of error 5%. P-value less than 0.05 was taken significant. Percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation calculated using SPSS software. Results presented via tables and graphs. Consent was taken from guardians of children for including their children in the study. Educational status of mothers was determined.Results: Total 75 children having anemia were studied. Age range was 6months to 10 years with mean age of 4.7±3.2 years. There were 24% cases between 25-36 months. In most of the children 56% hemoglobin was 5-6 g/dl. Mostly mothers were having education below matriculation.Conclusion: Illiteracy among mothers of our country is a common risk factor of severe anemia in their children. Increasing literacy rate can reduce incidence of this disease and nutritional status of children and nursing mothers can be improved as well

Numerical and Experimental Steady-State Investigation of Supercritical CO2 Gas Cooler Plate Heat Exchanger

Natural environmentally friendly refrigerants have been considered as alternatives to HFC refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential. In transcritical R744 vapor compression cycles, the heat rejection process occurs above the critical point where the temperature and the pressure are independent of each other. In this work, the gas cooling in a commercial 20 plate heat exchanger (PHE) used as gas cooler is modeled numerically and compared to experimental results. The numerical model is a simplified 2D model, i.e. corrugated plates with zero chevron angle. Four different real gas models are tested in terms of agreement and convergence, and numerical results from four cases with CO2 pressure ranging from 80 to 95 bar are compared with experimental results. Each case is numerically modeled with surface area that is set to match total surface area of the 20 PHE, and with one and half times the surface area of the 20 PHE. The increase in the surface area is shown to compensate for the chevron angle effect. For the experimental investigation, a CO2 heat pump test rig is used that supports cooling and heating applications. The numerical results show that the PHE outlet temperatures are in good agreement with the experimental results. The simplified 2D numerical models could reduce the computational costs associated with 3D PHE numerical simulations

Establishing a Relationship Model of Project Finance Factors Influencing Economic Development: Case Study of Abu Dhabi Economic Department

Project finance plays a key role in supporting UAE's infrastructure projects, driving economic growth and job creation. This financing approach isolates project funding from a sponsor's corporate debt, simplifying investment tracking and reducing the risk of underinvestment due to excessive debt. Nevertheless, it faces challenges from government regulations, political factors, environmental concerns, and complex procedures. Thus, this paper presents a study to investigate the relationship between project finance factors and economic development indicators. The relationship is translated to a PLS-SEM model development and assessment. To develop the model, the study adopted quantitative research approach where the data for the model was collected through a questionnaire survey using judgmental sampling for convenience. The sample size for the model is from 269 respondents, who are the employees in the Economic Department workforce in Abu Dhabi. The model's development and evaluation were conducted using SmartPLS software. The evaluation encompassed two stages: measurement and structural components, with the model successfully meeting all evaluation criteria. The results of hypothesis testing revealed that the relationships between Project Scope and Identifying Risk constructs with Economic Development construct are statistically significant with the strength 0f 0.520 and 0.227 respectively. Unfortunately, the relationships between Market Entry Strategy and Origination Capabilities with Economic Development are not statistically significant. In terms of model’s goodness of fit, the model demonstrated a substantial overall explanatory power with GoF values of 0.667. While, the model’s predictive relevancy with Q² value is 0.443, indicating how well the model can forecast economic development. In suggesting that the model explains approximately 44.3% of the variability in economic development. The findings of this study hold potential benefits for Economic Department employees dealing with project finance challenge