LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM LEAF

Objective: This study focus at the larvicidal activity of essential oil of Gliricidia sepium leaf Methods: Pharmacological evaluation of leaf was carried out for larvicidal activity. Household mosquitoes of fourth instar larvae were used for the study. The study was carried out for 5 different concentrations for aqueous extract. Results: The aqueous extract shown dose-dependent activity with the maximum larvicidal potential was seen with leaf of essential oil (250 mg/ml). Conclusion: The study is designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil of leaf of G. sepium. The relationship between the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil of G. sepium is confirmed by lethal effect

Performance issues for multicore processor operating systems

In the midst of the huge development in processors industry as a response to the increasing demand for high-speed processors manufacturers were able to achieve the goal of producing the required processors, but this industry disappointed hopes, because it faced problems not amenable to solution, such as complexity, hard management and large consumption of energy. These problems forced the manufacturers to stop the focus on increasing the speed of processors and go toward parallel processing to increase performance. This eventually produced multicore processors with high-performance, if used properly. Unfortunately, until now, these processors did not use as it should be used; because of lack support of operating system and software applications. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify the challenges faced by multicore processors operating systems

Neuro-Immune Abnormalities in Autism and Their Relationship with the Environment: A Variable Insult Model for Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition affecting an individual’s ability to communicate and socialize and often presents with repetitive movements or behaviors. It tends to be severe with less than 10% achieving independent living with a marked variation in the progression of the condition. To date, the literature supports a multifactorial model with the largest, most detailed twin study demonstrating strong environmental contribution to the development of the condition. Here, we present a brief review of the neurological, immunological, and autonomic abnormalities in ASD focusing on the causative roles of environmental agents and abnormal gut microbiota. We present a working hypothesis attempting to bring together the influence of environment on the abnormal neurological, immunological, and neuroimmunological functions and we explain in brief how such pathophysiology can lead to, and/or exacerbate ASD symptomatology. At present, there is a lack of consistent findings relating to the neurobiology of autism. Whilst we postulate such variable findings may reflect the marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation and as such the variable findings may be of pathophysiological relevance, more research into the neurobiology of autism is necessary before establishing a working hypothesis. Both the literature review and hypothesis presented here explore possible neurobiological explanations with an emphasis of environmental etiologies and are presented with this bias

Designing an optical frequency comb generator for visible light communication applications

The optical frequency comb generator (OFCG) is an efficient optoelectronic device that is included in many important applications over a various field such as microwave and optical communication. A novel scheme of OFCG presented in this work for visible light communication application based on amplitude modulation, radio frequency (RF) signal, phase shift and two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), our design features are simple with more efficient power and premium flatness of comb lines, the number of generating frequencies lines was 64 with a power stronger than -2 dBm over a 340 GHz bandwidth from a single continuous laser diode. Different chirping factor (α) of MZMs are implemented (3, 5, 7), as the results the best results related to α=5 with extra flatness, the system was designed and simulated by VPI design suite 9.8

Knowledge management implementation in information society: A study of IIUM library

Most organizations implementing knowledge management are thrilled by the numerous opportunities it offers and the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) library is not left behind in the innovative shift.Even though knowledge management practice is demanded in information society, it does not exist as a full-fledged solution in most organizations yet.The reality in IIUM library is that it already employs certain elements of knowledge management through the use of IT to support various activities from administrative jobs to user education.Among the IT support system used include: the staff intranet and email to share and exchange information, library database to capture and store data and the digital library facilities to serve the diverse interest of its numerous customers.The following questions therefore arise: do these elements of knowledge management available in IIUM library suffice and provide the opportunities it affords? Do the staff and users of IIUM library see it in the light of the benefits that accrue from it? Therefore the purpose of this study lies in its concern for whether the elements of knowledge management involved in the administration of IIUM library is achieving the goals of knowledge management and whether the staff and customers of IIUM library are maximizing the benefits of knowledge management in information societies

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Study of Some New 1,3-Oxazolone-5(4H)-one Derivatives

New 1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one (oxazalone) have been synthesized by reaction 2-amino acid (glycine) with sebacoyl chloride. These compounds were characterized by CHN, IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy.The present study showed that the our compounds more efficient than all antibiotics against  gram positive bacteria Staph. areus and E.coli compared with all antibiotics except Gentamycin more efficient than compounds1&3 in  against gram negative E.coli (18 mm).T- test shows signifying differences between our compounds of present study and antibiotics (P<0.01). Keywords :oxazolone,  Erlenmeyer Plochl  reactio

Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a key neurotransmitter in the neuro-immune axis

The question of how the neural and immune systems interact in host defence is important, integrating a system that senses the whole body with one that protects. Understanding the mechanisms and routes of control could produce novel and powerful ways of promoting and enhancing normal functions as well as preventing or treating abnormal functions. Fragmentation of biological research into specialities has resulted in some failures in recognising and understanding interactions across different systems and this is most striking across immunology, haematology and neuroscience. This reductionist approach does not allow understanding of the in vivo orchestrated response generated through integration of all systems. However, many factors make the understanding of multisystem cross-talk in response to a threat difficult, for instance the nervous and immune systems share communication molecules and receptors for a wide range of physiological signals. But, it is clear that physical, hard-wired connections exist between the two systems, with the key link involving sensory, unmyelinated nerve fibres (c fibres) containing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and modified macrophages, mast cells and other immune and host defence cells in various locations throughout the body. In this review we will therefore focus on the induction of CGRP and its key role in the neuroimmune axis

Introduction: Is This What Democracy Looks Like?

Introductory article for the site 'Is This What Democracy Looks Like?'. "This dossier takes its cue from one of the Occupy movement’s bedrock slogans, 'This Is What Democracy Looks Like' (though the catchword was first nurtured, as were many Occupy paradigms, tactics, and customs, in the global justice movement that came of age in Seattle in 1999). This proud assertion, stiffened by populist certitudes about the '99%' hypermajority, exercised a clear appeal to protesters. It is self-congratulatory, confrontational, and also quite articulate as a political statement. Not everyone has to believe the slogan to chant it. But what if it were taken up as a more literal goal? What if the Occupy model of horizontalism, explicated below, were to be pushed into every venue of civil society, eventually supplanting the roots of our representative democracy system? Who would gain and who would lose? How would our own institutions, organizations, and networks be transformed in the process? The radical innocence of Occupy allowed such questions to be asked. After more than a year of operations under its name, the record allows some provisional answers to be offered.