Los determinantes de la financiarización - un enfoque bayesiano

This study considers the determinants of financialization in a sample of 158 countries over the period of 2000-2016. The atheoretical Bayesian model averaging approach was applied in order to identify the macroeconomic determinants of the phenomenon. A broad set of variables was tested without adopting any theoretical perspective. It was revealed that the main determinants of financialization are connected with the real sphere of economy, demographic issues and the new conditions in which the global economy functions. At the same time, factors from the financial and monetary sphere, such as interest rates and CPI, were revealed to be insignificant. The Bayesian model averaging approach could be regarded as a promising method for quantifying and empirically investigating such a complex phenomenon as financializationEste estudio aborda los determinantes de la financiarización en una muestra de 158 países durante el periodo 2000 a2016. Se aplicó el enfoque de promediado bayesiano del modelo teórico para identificar los determinantes macroeconómicos del fenómeno. Se probó un amplio conjunto de variables sin adoptar ninguna perspectiva teórica. Se reveló que los principales determinantes de la financiarización están relacionados con la esfera real de la economía, los problemas demográficos y las nuevas condiciones en las que funciona la economía global. Al mismo tiempo, los factores del ámbito financiero y monetario, como las tasas de interés y el IPC, resultaron insignificantes. El enfoque de promediado bayesiano del modelo podría considerarse un método prometedor para cuantificar e investigar empíricamente un fenómeno tan complejo como la financiarizació

Infection prevention and control programme and COVID-19 measures: effects on hospital-acquired infections in patients with cirrhosis

Background & aims: Bacterial infections affect survival of patients with cirrhosis. Hospital-acquired bacterial infections present a growing healthcare problem because of the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an infection prevention and control programme and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections and a set of secondary outcomes, including the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms, empiric antibiotic treatment failure, and development of septic states in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: The infection prevention and control programme was a complex strategy based on antimicrobial stewardship and the reduction of patient's exposure to risk factors. The COVID-19 measures presented further behavioural and hygiene restrictions imposed by the Hospital and Health Italian Sanitary System recommendations. We performed a combined retrospective and prospective study in which we compared the impact of extra measures against the hospital standard. Results: We analysed data from 941 patients. The infection prevention and control programme was associated with a reduction in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (17 vs. 8.9%, p <0.01). No further reduction was present after the COVID-19 measures had been imposed. The impact of the infection prevention and control programme remained significant even after controlling for the effects of confounding variables (odds ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.73, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the adoption of the programme reduced the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms and decreased rates of empiric antibiotic treatment failure and the development of septic states. Conclusions: The infection prevention and control programme decreased the incidence of hospital-acquired infections by nearly 50%. Furthermore, the programme also reduced the prevalence of most of the secondary outcomes. Based on the results of this study, we encourage other liver centres to adopt infection prevention and control programmes. Impact and implications: Infections are a life-threatening problem for patients with liver cirrhosis. Moreover, hospital-acquired infections are even more alarming owing to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study analysed a large cohort of hospitalised patients with cirrhosis from three different periods. Unlike in the first period, an infection prevention programme was applied in the second period, reducing the number of hospital-acquired infections and containing multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the third period, we imposed even more stringent measures to minimise the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, these measures did not result in a further reduction in hospital-acquired infections

Bayesian Model Averaging in the Studies on Economic Growth in the EU Regions – Application of the gretl BMA package

Economic growth is again one of the most important economic issues in literature since the 1980s. This paper falls into the mainstream of regional studies on economic growth and it tries to answer the recurring question: what are the determinants of economic growth at regional level. The objective of this article is to diagnose the determinants of economic growth among European regions on the basis of Bayesian methods applied to gretl software

Sources of Economic Growth: A Global Perspective

The main goal of this paper is to determine the factors responsible for economic growth at the global level. The indication of the sources of economic growth may be an important element of the sustainable economic policy for development. The novelty of this research lies in employing an analysis based on data, which consist of an average growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 168 countries for the years 2012–2013. The Bayesian model averaging approach is used to identify potential factors responsible for differences in countries’ GDPs. Additionally, a jointness analysis is performed to assess the potential independence, substitutability, and complementarity of the factors of economic growth. The robustness of the results is confirmed by Bayesian averaging of classical estimates. We identify the most probable factors of economic growth, and we find that the most important determinants are variables associated with the so-called “Asian development model”

The Determinants of Financialization – A Bayesian Approach

This study considers the determinants of financialization in a sample of 158 countries over the period of 2000-2016. The atheoretical Bayesian model averaging approach was applied in order to identify the macroeconomic determinants of the phenomenon. A broad set of variables was tested without adopting any theoretical perspective. It was revealed that the main determinants of financialization are connected with the real sphere of economy, demographic issues and the new conditions in which the global economy functions. At the same time, factors from the financial and monetary sphere, such as interest rates and CPI, were revealed to be insignificant. The Bayesian model averaging approach could be regarded as a promising method for quantifying and empirically investigating such a complex phenomenon as financialization

Sources of Economic Growth: A Global Perspective

The main goal of this paper is to determine the factors responsible for economic growth at the global level. The indication of the sources of economic growth may be an important element of the sustainable economic policy for development. The novelty of this research lies in employing an analysis based on data, which consist of an average growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 168 countries for the years 2012–2013. The Bayesian model averaging approach is used to identify potential factors responsible for differences in countries’ GDPs. Additionally, a jointness analysis is performed to assess the potential independence, substitutability, and complementarity of the factors of economic growth. The robustness of the results is confirmed by Bayesian averaging of classical estimates. We identify the most probable factors of economic growth, and we find that the most important determinants are variables associated with the so-called “Asian development model”

Diabetes and metabolic disorders. Their impact on cardiovascular events in liver transplant patients

Cardiovascular diseases are currently one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant patients over the long term. Therefore, evaluating prognostic factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in this population is essential for taking preventive measures. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of diabetes and other metabolic disorders on CVEs in liver transplant patients. Three hundred fifty-six liver transplant recipients who survived at least 6 months after surgery were enrolled. Patients were followed for a median time of 118 months (12–250 months). All cardiovascular events were carefully recorded and detailed in the patients’ charts. Demographic data, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, weight changes, and a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome both before and after transplantation were noted to assess their possible relationship with CVE. The presence of a diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was also evaluated. Immunosuppressive therapy was included in the analysis. Diabetes mellitus (DM), especially when present before transplantation, was strongly associated with CVEs (hazard risk HR 3.10; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.60–6.03). Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with CVEs in univariate analysis (HR 3.24; 95% CI: 1.36–7.8), while pretransplantation and de novo MAFLD were not. Immunosuppressive therapy had no influence on predisposing transplanted patients to CVEs during follow-up. Further prospective studies may be useful in investigating the risk factors for CVEs after liver transplantation and improving the long-term survival of transplant patients

Implementation of Roofing of Bohumín - Pudlov substation

Substation, apartment building, roofing, roof, semi-hip roof, gable roof, roof hatch, truss, timber, roofing, technical report, construction site equipment, technological regulation, machine assembly, inspection and test plan, time schedule, itemized budget, scheme, drawing