24 research outputs found
Technique of transurethral needle core biopsy to confirm invasive bladder cancer staging
Introduction: Transurethral, cystoscopically-guided needle core biopsy
(TUcoreBxBT) seems to be a less invasive diagnostic method than transurethral
resection (TURBT) offering a simple way to confirm cancer infiltration of the
bladder. The aim of this study was to assess the technique of TUcoreBxBT in
the diagnosis of bladder cancer infiltrating the detrusor muscle.
Material and methods: In every 96 pts the suspicion of invasive bladder cancer
(IBC) was evaluated on the basis of radiological examinations, cystoscopy and
bimanual examination. TUcoreBxBT were performed using a rigid cystoscope
with a direct working channel and tru-cut automatic (COOK Quick-Core® BiopsyNeedle) 18 G/480 mm needle or self construction tru-cut 16 G/400 mm needle,
adapted to work with a standard biopsy gun. At least three cores were taken in
each patient, followed by regular TURBT.
Results: There were no complications of the bladder biopsy procedure. The
average size of cores was 15 mm (8-17 mm). In every case TUcoreBxBT revealed
muscle infiltration and was in agreement with all microscopic examinations of
TURBT.
Conclusions: TUcoreBxBT in cases of clear suspicion of invasive bladder cancer
is a simple, short and safe procedure which makes it possible to collect reliable
material for microscopic examination. TUcoreBxBT is less invasive than standard
TURBT only in diagnosis and staging of invasive tumours, and seems to be
effective in selected cases to confirm malignancy before radical cystectom
Growth, body composition, and cardiovascular and nutritional risk of 5- to 10-y-old children consuming vegetarian, vegan, or omnivore diets.
BACKGROUND: Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly recommended for human and planetary health. However, comprehensive evidence on the health effects of PBDs in children remains incomplete, particularly in vegans. OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in body composition, cardiovascular risk, and micronutrient status of vegetarian and vegan children relative to omnivores and to estimate prevalence of abnormal micronutrient and cholesterol status in each group. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, Polish children aged 5-10 y (63 vegetarian, 52 vegan, 72 matched omnivores) were assessed using anthropometry, deuterium dilution, DXA, and carotid ultrasound. Fasting blood samples, dietary intake, and accelerometry data were collected. RESULTS: All results are reported relative to omnivores. Vegetarians had lower gluteofemoral adiposity but similar total fat and lean mass. Vegans had lower fat indices in all regions but similar lean mass. Both groups had lower bone mineral content (BMC). The difference for vegetarians attenuated after accounting for body size but remained in vegans (total body minus the head: -3.7%; 95% CI: -7.0, -0.4; lumbar spine: -5.6%; 95% CI: -10.6, -0.5). Vegetarians had lower total cholesterol, HDL, and serum B-12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] without supplementation but higher glucose, VLDL, and triglycerides. Vegans were shorter and had lower total LDL (-24 mg/dL; 95% CI: -35.2, -12.9) and HDL (-12.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.3, -7.1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, iron status, and serum B-12 (-217.6 pmol/L; 95% CI: -305.7, -129.5) and 25(OH)D without supplementation but higher homocysteine and mean corpuscular volume. Vitamin B-12 deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, low ferritin, and low HDL were more prevalent in vegans, who also had the lowest prevalence of high LDL. Supplementation resolved low B-12 and 25(OH)D concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Vegan diets were associated with a healthier cardiovascular risk profile but also with increased risk of nutritional deficiencies and lower BMC and height. Vegetarians showed less pronounced nutritional deficiencies but, unexpectedly, a less favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Further research may help maximize the benefits of PBDs in children
Recommendations on the management of prostate cancer - a round table conference
Rak gruczołu krokowego jest jednym z najczęściej rozpoznawanych nowotworów u mężczyzn w wielu
krajach Europy i w Ameryce Północnej. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się istotny wzrost liczby zachorowań,
co w pierwszej kolejności można wiązać z wydłużeniem średniej długości życia i wprowadzeniem
pod koniec lat 80. powszechnego oznaczania stężenia swoistego antygenu sterczowego (PSA) w surowicy.
Podstawowymi metodami leczenia chorych na wczesnego raka gruczołu krokowego są zabieg
chirurgiczny i radioterapia. U wybranych chorych o krótkim spodziewanym czasie przeżycia i niskim stopniu
złośliwości histologicznej można rozważyć jedynie ścisłą obserwację. Leczenie chorych na zaawansowanego
raka gruczołu krokowego polega na zmniejszeniu wpływu stymulującego działania androgenów
na komórki raka w wyniku tak zwanej ablacji androgenowej. Pozwala ona na osiągnięcie poprawy
subiektywnej, obniżenie stężenia PSA w surowicy oraz obiektywną regresję nowotworu (guza pierwotnego
i/lub przerzutów w tkankach miękkich) u około 80% chorych.
Wysoka zachorowalność na raka gruczołu krokowego i wciąż niezadowalające wyniki leczenia tego nowotworu
stały się przyczyną potrzeby sformułowania jednolitych zasad postępowania diagnostyczno-
-terapeutycznego opartego na dowodach o charakterze naukowym i wykorzystującego możliwość ścisłej
współpracy lekarzy urologów oraz onkologów. Przedstawione w obecnym opracowaniu zalecenia stanowią
wspólne stanowisko grupy ekspertów w dziedzinie urologii, onkologii i patomorfologii, które przyjęto
podczas spotkania okrągłego stołu oraz uaktualniono na podstawie późniejszych doniesień.Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies in most European countries and the US.
A significant increase in the number of new cases has been observed over the last years, most probably
due to increase in the life span and introduction of PSA in the 1980s. Two main treatment modalities of
early prostate cancer are surgery and radiotherapy. In selected patients with short life expectancy and
low histological grade of the tumor, watchful waiting is acceptable. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer is based on inhibition of stimulatory effect of androgens on prostate cancer cells. Androgen ablation
allows for subjective improvement, PSA decrease and objective tumor regression in 80% of patients.
High incidence of prostate cancer and unsatisfactory results of its treatment created a demand for uniform,
evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. Recommendations presented in this paper
were prepared during a round table meeting of experts in urology, oncology and pathology, and updated
with most current literature data
The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts
The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan
Challenges in Cancer Biomarker Discovery Exemplified by the Identification of Diagnostic MicroRNAs in Prostate Tissues
Identification and clinical translation of routinely tested biomarkers require a complex and multistep workflow. Here, we described a confirmatory process estimating the utility of previously identified candidate tissue miRNAs for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue surgically resected from 44 patients with PCa and 24 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Of the 92 RNA samples obtained, 68 represented 42 malignant (PCa) areas and 26 represented nonmalignant (PCa 0%) areas of the prostate tissue sections. The levels of miR-32-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-141-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-375, miR-663b, miR-615-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p were evaluated using Exiqon chemistry. Five (miR-32-5p, miR-141-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-375, and miR-615-3p), one (miR-32-5p), and two (miR-32-5p and miR-141-5p) miRNAs discriminated between BPH and areas of cancer-bearing prostate tissue harboring different numbers of cancer cells (PCa 15–70%, PCa 2–10%, and PCA 0%, respectively), with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) > 0.9. Only miRNA 32-5p discriminated BPH specimens from sections of cancer-bearing prostate tissue with a low percentage, a high percentage, or no dysplastic cells. miR-32-5p could be considered as potential diagnostic biomarker discriminating BPH from noncancerous areas within cancer-bearing prostate tissue. However, further clinical studies are warranted to confirm its diagnostic utility