Challenges of Industrial Development of Serbia

Built upon education ideologies of the previous century, development of Serbian industry is not able to meet global demands of the modern, 21st century market. Innovative ongoing processes in technology and all industrial branches are global and ever more rapid, and they are circumventing the SEE region. The economic structure of Serbian industry at the beginning of transition was two decades old. At the beginning of 2009, after eight transition years, a short economic transition summary is as follows: the trailing caused by the events of the 1990s is very hard to cope with and we are only half through with this task; on the other hand, we are lagging behind EU-15 and EU-10 more and more. Apart from the analysis of structural non-adjustment of the industrial system and its impact on the macroeconomic balance, the paper underlines a significant role of the state in the formulation of industrial policy.Industrial challenges, Macroeconomic effects, Structural changes, Competitiveness, Industrial policy

Ekonomske performanse tranzicije srednje klase u Srbiji

The analytical focus in the paper has been intentionally dispersed: the paper primarily focuses on the analysis of the income and consumption of the middle class and its three subclasses in three transitional subperiods: (a) pre-crisis (2006-2008), (b) recession (2009-2014), and (c) recovery period (2015-2019), but the analysis also covers the interdependence between the economic growth and middle class and consumer basket and middle class, as well as the trend of inequality throughout the transitional period. The middle class is the generator of growth and development of every economy. A strong middle class encourages inclusive economic growth and enhances and strengthens institutions. In the transitional period, and especially in the post-crisis period, the middle class in Serbia failed to secure the position of a stabilizing factor in society and its cohesive influence declined. The costs of property transformation were mostly borne by the middle class, above all by the working class and peasantry. The structure and position of the middle class significantly changed in the transitional period. Because of its social, developmental, economic, institutional and political influence, the middle class in Serbia faces a number of challenges, the most important issue being the following: Will the middle class in Serbia take responsibility for the poverty, rising inequality and development of stable democratic processes in the future?Analitički fokus u radu je ciljano disperzivan; primarno je usmeren na prihodnu i potrošnu analizu srednje klase i njene tri potklase u tri tranziciona potperioda: (a) pretkrizni (2006-2008), (b) recesioni (2009-2014) i (c) period oporavka (2015-2019), ali je, pored toga, analizom obuhvaćena međuzavisnost privrednog rasta i srednje klase, potrošačke korpe i srednje klase, kao i dimenzija kretanja nejednakosti tokom čitavog tranzicionog perioda. Srednja klasa je generator rasta i razvoja svake ekonomije. Jaka srednja klasa podstiče inkluzivan ekonomski rast, unapređuje i jača institucije. Kako srednja klasa u Srbiji u tranzicionom, a posebno u postkriznom periodu, nije uspela da se pozicionira kao stabilizirajući faktor u društvu, njen kohezioni uticaj je opao. Troškove svojinske transformacije najviše je podnela srednja klasa, pre svega radnička klasa i seljaštvo. Struktura i položaj srednje klase su se značajno izmenili u tranzicionom periodu. Zbog svog društvenog, razvojnog, ekonomskog, socijalnog, institucionalnog i političkog uticaja srednja klasa u Srbiji suočena je sa nizom izazova, od kojih je najvažnije pitanje: da li će srednja klasa u Srbiji u budućnosti preuzeti odgovornost za stepen siromaštva, rastuću nejednakost i razvoj stabilnih demokratskih procesa

THP-1 Cells and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production: An in Vitro Tool for Functional Characterization of NOD1/NOD2 Antagonists.

THP-1 cells express high levels of native functional nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptors, and have often been used for investigating the immunomodulatory effects of small molecules. We postulated that they would represent an ideal cell-based model for our study, the aim of which was to develop a new in vitro tool for functional characterization of NOD antagonists. NOD antagonists were initially screened for their effect on NOD agonist-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. Next, we examined the extent to which the selected NOD antagonists block the NOD-TLR4 synergistic crosstalk by measuring the effect of NOD antagonism on tumor necrosis factor-\u3b1 (TNF-\u3b1) secretion from doubly activated THP-1 cells. Overall, the results obtained indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from THP-1 provides a valuable, simple and reproducible in vitro tool for functional characterization of NOD antagonists

Alcoholic Drinkers and Road Safety in the Republic of Slovenia

In this study we were therefore interested in the percentage of road traffic offences (RTO) and road traffic accidents (RTA) involving inebriated drivers one year before and one year after the passing of the new Law on Road Traffic Safety (LRTS) as well as measures (referrals, punishments and final decisions on the revoking of driver’s licences due to drunk driving). One year before the passing of the new LRTS, there were 40,702 RTA-s in the Republic of Slovenia (12.2% caused by drunk drivers). The average alcohol concentration in exhaled air for those analysed was 1.19 g/kg. One year after the passing of this law there were 36,479 RTA-s (8.6% caused by drunk drivers). The average alcohol concentration in exhaled air for those analysed was 1,32 g/kg (the differences were statistically significant). In 13.8% cases the reason for permorming a measurement of the alcohol concentration in exhaled aier was an RTA with an average alcohol concentration in exhaled air of 1.22 g/kg and in 86.2% of cases an RTO with an average alcohol concentration in exhaled air of 1.25 g/kg (the differences were statistically significant). We found it interesting that the number of events minvolving lower concentrations decreased, but the percentage involving higher alcohol concentrations even increased. The results of this study indicate without a doubt that the law was not successful enough with its repressive and preventative measures in the field of drunk drivers. Experts on alcohol believe that punishment cannot make alcoholics and other drivers abandon their behavioural patterns and stop driving under the influence of alcohol. This can be achived only by treatment, and the present practice (police – misdenveanour counts – repeat general medical check-up) has been ineffective as prevention among alcoholic drivers. We therefore believe that supplemants to the LRTS should be adopted urgently, that would contribute, through better medical selection, to a reduction in the number of drunk drivers behind the eheel, both those who are alcohol dependet (and should be referred to treatment)

Alcoholic Drinkers and Road Safety in the Republic of Slovenia

In this study we were therefore interested in the percentage of road traffic offences (RTO) and road traffic accidents (RTA) involving inebriated drivers one year before and one year after the passing of the new Law on Road Traffic Safety (LRTS) as well as measures (referrals, punishments and final decisions on the revoking of driver’s licences due to drunk driving). One year before the passing of the new LRTS, there were 40,702 RTA-s in the Republic of Slovenia (12.2% caused by drunk drivers). The average alcohol concentration in exhaled air for those analysed was 1.19 g/kg. One year after the passing of this law there were 36,479 RTA-s (8.6% caused by drunk drivers). The average alcohol concentration in exhaled air for those analysed was 1,32 g/kg (the differences were statistically significant). In 13.8% cases the reason for permorming a measurement of the alcohol concentration in exhaled aier was an RTA with an average alcohol concentration in exhaled air of 1.22 g/kg and in 86.2% of cases an RTO with an average alcohol concentration in exhaled air of 1.25 g/kg (the differences were statistically significant). We found it interesting that the number of events minvolving lower concentrations decreased, but the percentage involving higher alcohol concentrations even increased. The results of this study indicate without a doubt that the law was not successful enough with its repressive and preventative measures in the field of drunk drivers. Experts on alcohol believe that punishment cannot make alcoholics and other drivers abandon their behavioural patterns and stop driving under the influence of alcohol. This can be achived only by treatment, and the present practice (police – misdenveanour counts – repeat general medical check-up) has been ineffective as prevention among alcoholic drivers. We therefore believe that supplemants to the LRTS should be adopted urgently, that would contribute, through better medical selection, to a reduction in the number of drunk drivers behind the eheel, both those who are alcohol dependet (and should be referred to treatment)

Liliana Spinozzi Monai, Dal Friuli Alla Russia. Mezzo secolo di storia e di cul­ tura. In margine all'epistolario (1875-1928) Jan Baudouin de Courtenay. Società Filologica Friulana, Udine 1994.

Questo libro rappresenta una preziosa novità scientifica nel campo della slavistica e della friulanistica. Vi sono pubblicate le lettere, le cartoline postali inviate da intellet­ tuali friulani (in parte anche italiani) e beneciani (filologi, etnografi, storici, avvocati, ecc.) allo studioso polacco Baudouin de Courtenay che, nei primi anni settanta dello scorso secolo, in qualità di docente di linguistica slava all'Università di Pietroburgo, ap­ pena ventottenne si recò nella Slavia Friulana e in altri luoghi del Friuli al fine di com­ piere delle ricerche sui relativi dialetti slavi, o più precisamente sloveni. Nei quattro de­ cenni successivi vi ritornò otto volte e pubblicò uno studio basilare sui dialetti resiani e altri contributi su Resia e i suoi abitanti, nonché ricco materiale sia sul dialetto di Resia che quello del Torre (Opyt fonetiki rez'janskich govorov, 1875 - Saggio di fonetica delle parlate resiane; Materialy dlja južnoslavjanskoj dialektologii i etnografii 2. Obrazcy jazyka na govorach Terskich Slavjan v sevemovostočnoj ltalii, 1904). II mate­ riale dialettale raccolto nelle valli del Natisone, rimasto in forma manoscritta, viene pubblicato nel 1988 da Liliana Spinozzi Monai (con commento folklorico di M. Matičetov) presso l'Editoriale Stampa Triestina con ii titolo "Materiali per la dialettolo­ gia e l'etnografia slava meridionale 4. Testi popolari in prosa e in versi raccolti in Val Natisone nel 1873"

Design of steel business structure

This graduation thesis deals with project for building permit acqusition for three-storey steel\ud business building. First part contains design and definition of load, second part covers static\ud calculation of internal forces with consideration of initial geometric imperfection and theory\ud of second order, dimensioning with Nemetschek Scia Engineer 2010 programme and typical\ud connections calculation. In third section are drawings, made with computer programme\ud Bentley Prosteel 3D V18.0: marking plan, typical connections, plan of welded elements and\ud specification. Construction consists of six moment resisting frames placed across with range\ud of 6m in longitudinal direction, for floor constructions Trimo HI-Bond composit ceilings are\ud used. All calculations are carried out in accordance with Eurocode standards

Economic Growth and the Institutional Transition of the Republic of Serbia

Are the transitional countries of SEE trapped in institutional transition or not? The institutional transition that has been lasting for almost three decades, and almost two decades in the Republic of Serbia, initiated the rapid destruction of the institutions of the previous political and economic system, but the construction of new market institutions has been slow, inefficient and partial. The Republic of Serbia lost the three decades of economic growth and development, which, as evidenced by economic law, takes twice as much time to restore the system to the previous equilibrium of the length of the time which the system is located in off-balance. The average 3% growth in the seventeen transition years is insufficient to compensate for the enormous backlog of the 1990s. The contribution of the research study to the work focuses on the analysis of the interdependence of economic growth and institution building. A special viewpoint is aimed at the corruption factor destroying institutions in all transition countries, reducing their economic growth and productivity, and negatively affecting the attractiveness of FDIs