THE INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION AND AGE ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF FEMALES OF DIFFERENT AGES

Genetic factors play an important role, but most important of all is their interaction with metabolical syndromes, specifically obesity. So far it has been confirmed in certain studies that blood pressure value is connected to age and obesity.  The aim of his study was to determine whether or not there is a relation between body composition and age that affects systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Material and methods: The data from the current research have been collected within the scientific research project titled “Anthropological status and physical activity of the population in Vojvodina”, which was realized by the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in Novi Sad, financed by the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development. Based on 102 female participants, aged 20 to 49, from the city of Novi Sad, an assessment of blood pressure and body composition parameterswas conductedusing a digital camera OMRON M4-1 and bioelectric impedance Maltron 920. The relations between the studied variables were examined using Pierson’s correlation analysis and a regression analysis. Results: Based on the gathered multiple correlation coefficients (R) and other parameters (F tests and statistical significance P), it can be concluded that there in fact is a certain correlation between the prediction system of variables, body composition and the criteria, blood pressure assessment variables. By analyzing the coefficients of regression, individual influences of the variables of the prediction system on the criteria variables were noted. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an obvious influence of body composition onsystolic and diastolic pressure exists. This study also suggests that the percentage of fat in the body is a better indicator of blood pressure than age.

STEROIDS MOST OFTEN USED BY SPORTSMEN

Abusage of steroids can cause serious health problems some of which are incurable, such as liver cancer. They cause a series of other effects: pimples, hairiness, boldness, gynecomastness, headaches, impotence, problems with heart and kidney functions. In addition to physical disorders, there are psychological problems too, such as aggression, depression and even addiction. Why do sportsmen abuse steroids? The main reason is to improve results in sports competitions. Others do that in order to increase muscular mass and decrease fat tissue. So you should decide for yourselves – steroids or health

Comparative analysis of morphological characteristics of two generations of football players

Thorough knowledge of anthropological characteristics of athletes that achieve superior results may show which direction one should take during selection and training process. The aim of this research was to perform a comparative analysis of morphological characteristics of two generations of football players. The sample comprised 54 players aged 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of morphological characteristics are: height, weight, ideal body weight, muscle and fat component. The first group of players has higher values of body height, ideal body weight and muscle components, and less body weight and significantly lower values of fat component

Mass and volume of a body of young footballers

Knowledge of the structure of some anthropological abilities and characteristics of sportsmen as well as their development represent the basic condition for successful management of the process of sports training. The aim of this research is to determine mass and volume of a body of young footballers. The sample of examinees consists of 120 footballers of different age categories from 'Vojvodina' football club, namely: junior pioneers (aged 11-12) - 30 examinees, senior pioneers (aged 13-14) - 30 examinees, cadets (aged 15-16) - 30 examinees and youth (aged 17-18) - 30 examinees. For transversal skeleton dimension, young footballers were measured for shoulder width and pelvic width. For the assessment of mass and volume of a body are measured body mass, the volume of upper leg, the volume of lower leg, the volume of chest, the volume of stomach, skin fold of tomach and skin fold of upper arm. The testing of significant differences between footballers of different age categories as well as deviation from expected values were calculated by 't-test' and univariate variance analysis (ANOVA). On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that average results show a general tendency of increase of results of weight and volume of the body from younger to older age categories. Variable measures show that youth examinees are the most homogenous while senior pioneers are the most heterogenous

BLOOD DOPING AND RISKS

Doping is the way in which athletes misuse of chemicals and other types of medical interventions (eg, blood replacement), try to get ahead in the results of other athletes or their performance at the expense of their own health. The aim of this work is the analysis of blood doping and the display of negative consequences that this way of increasing capabilities brings. Method: The methodological work is done descriptively. Results: Even in 1972 at the Stockholm Institute for gymnastics and sport, first Dr. Bjorn Ekblom started having blood doping. Taken from the blood, athletes through centifuge separating red blood cells from blood plasma, which is after a month of storage in the fridge, every athlete back into the bloodstream. Tests aerobic capacity thereafter showed that the concerned athletes can run longer on average for 25% of the treadmill than before. Discussion: Blood doping carries with it serious risks, excessive amount of red cells “thickens the blood,” increased hematocrit, which reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood to the periphery. All this makes it difficult for blood to flow through blood vessels, and there is a great danger that comes to a halt in the circulation, which can cause cardiac arrest, stroke, pulmonary edema, and other complications that can be fatal

Reduction of juvenile obesity by programmed physical exercise and controlled diet

Background/Aim. Obesity is the most common disease of nutrition and is the consequence of reduced movement. Unfortunately, this problem is increasingly present in juvenile age, so that the pediatric outpatient offices are dominated by obese young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of the reducing treatment for juvenile obesity conducted by programmed physical exercise and controlled diet. Methods. We tested a sample of 136 respondents of both sexes (76 girls and 60 boys) aged 13 ± 0.6 years. This prospective study took 3 months in 2007 using the experimental methods of longitudinal weather precision. The data obtained after the measurement were processed by the use of statistical programs to calculate the basic and dispersion parameters. To determine the difference between the initial and final measurements we applied the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences in the variables system in the space were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results. The results of ANOVA in the form of F values indicated that the differences between the initial and final measurements in all parameters of circumference dimensionality and subcutaneous fat tissue are significant (p = 0.00). Also, differences in parameters of body constitution and indicators of alimentation showed a high statistical significance (p = 0.00). The results of multivariante analysis (MANOVA), using Wilk's Lambda test, also indicated that the differences between initial and final measurements in the area of anthropometric measures and indicators of alimentation and constitution, were statistically significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion. Application of physical exercise and controlled diet leads to a significant reduction of anthropometric parameters and anthropological indicators of alimentation