Constitutional amendments, a brief note on Indonesia's case.

[Conclusion]: At this stage, it is already apparent that the amended constitution has guaranteed the civil participation in political life and the human rights. And, it is valuable to note that although the debates were in depth and serious, MPR has decided all amendments in unison and that all amendments have been officially enacted. As mentioned before, the time limit to complete the amendment process is the MPR Session in year 2002. There are still some important topics to decide, such as the composition of MPR (article 2 clause 1), on religion (article 29), on education (article 31), on social well being (article 33) and on the alteration procedures of the constitution (article 37). But it seems that those topics are not as complicated as the other topics that have been settled. However, we will continue our effort to involve the public in the whole amendment process. While in the past we had an experts team from various backgrounds of academic skills to assist the Ad Hoc I Committee, the Committee plans at least to organize another series of public hearings with the academic community, NGOs and others. We also will organize discussions in every district, as well as in Jakarta and provinces capitals as we did before, both to encourage the participation of the public in the process and to disseminate the outcomes of the previous amendments. Well still need supports from international organizations and from other countries. Considering the topics to be finalized, the spirit that has been shaped among the members of MPR, and the ample time the MPR still have until the 2002 annual session, we are optimistic that this amendment process, at the end of the day, will produce a comprehensive, democratic, and workable constitution, as desired. .This conference was supported by the generosity of the Japan Foundation Asia Centre, AusAID, the Daiwa Foundation for Asia and Oceania, the Myer Foundation and The Australian National University's National Institute for Asia and the Pacific and the Humanities Research Centre

Mengembangkan Strategi Ekonomi

xxii.;ill.;264 hal.; 25 c

Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Sebuah ringkas

UUD 1945 terdiri atas pembukaan dan batang tubuh yang merupakan satu kesatuan. Pembukaan UUD 1945 mengandung dasar negara Pancasila dan nilai-nilai dasar eksistensi serta tujuan kemerdekaan Negara Kesatuan RI. Pancasila juga merupakan bintang penuntun perjalanan bangsa mewujudkan cita-cita kemerdekaan. Naskah awal UUD (1945) disusun oleh BPUK, sebuah badan yang dibentuk Jepang pada waktu mereka berkuasa di Indonesia

Pendidikan untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa

Pembukaan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 memuat amanat kemerdekaan untuk membentuk suatu pemerintah nagera Indonesia dengan tujuan antara lain mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dalam Negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat dan berdasar Pancasila.Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa adalah proses terencana dan terpadu dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan untuk membangn dan mengembangkan peri kehidupan bangsa Indonesia yang majemuk agar terus bertumbuh sebagai bangsa yang bersatu

Pemberdyaan Birokrasi dalam Pembangunan

xxii. Hal.;ill.;21 c

Perekonomian Indonesia menyongsong abad XXI

xxii, 252 hlm. : il. ; 21 cm

Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa: pendidikan nasional menurut UUD NRI tahun 1945

xiv, 217 hlm. : ilus. ; tab. ; 23 cm

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.11Nsciescopu

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies