Use of alternative protein sources in the bakery industry

Through the production of gluten free products, stakeholders of the food industry are striving to serve the needs of celiac patients as widely as possible with a continuously increasing product range, and to ensure the right nutrient intake. Our working group would like to contribute to this goal by developing bakery products that provide the body with a valuable source of protein and essential amino acids in addition to the required amount of carbohydrates. Our goal was to create a flour mixture that is gluten free, has a higher protein content than bread cereals, and is also suitable for use in the bakery industry, primarily for making wafers. Millet flour was chosen as the basis of the flour mixture, to which hemp, alfalfa and lupine flour were mixed as additional sources of protein. After performing analytical studies regarding the amino acid composition, protein qualification values (Amino Acid Score – AAS, Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score – PDCAAS) were determined, and these were used to optimize the flour mixtures. Rheological measurements were carried out to examine the crunchiness of the wafers. Compared to the control samples, hardness data were not significantly altered by the addition of lupine or hemp flour, however, the addition of alfalfa softened the dough. In addition to achieving a more favorable protein content, naturally, it was also our goal to manufacture a product with the right organoleptic properties for consumers. Compared to the control sample, the bitter taste of millet-based doughs was reduced and the hardness of the wafers improved by the addition of lupine. Mixing 35% of hemp seed flour with the millet flour also resulted in a bakery product with the right texture and and taste. Despite its good amino acid profile, the addition of alfalfa resulted in the deterioration of the rheological and organoleptic properties of the wafers

Protein and alkaloid patterns of the floral nectar in some solanaceous species

The family Solanaceae includes several melliferous plants, which tend to produce copious amounts of nectar. Floral nectar is a chemically complex aqueous solution, dominated by sugars, but minor components such as amino acids, proteins, flavonoids and alkaloids are present as well. This study aimed at analysing the protein and alkaloid profile of the nectar in seven solanaceous species. Proteins were examined with SDS-PAGE and alkaloids were analyzed with HPLC. The investigation of protein profile revealed significant differences in nectar-protein patterns not only between different plant genera, but also between the three Nicotiana species investigated. SDS-PAGE suggested the presence of several Nectarin proteins with antimicrobial activity in Nicotiana species. The nectar of all tobacco species contained the alkaloid nicotine, N. tabacum having the highest nicotine content. The nectar of Brugmansia suaveolens, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger and Lycium barbarum contained scopolamine, the highest content of which was measured in B. suaveolens. The alkaloid concentrations in the nectars of most solanaceous species investigated can cause deterrence in honeybees, and the nectar of N. rustica and N. tabacum can be considered toxic for honeybees

Effect of cryogenic freezing on the textural and sensoric properties of donuts

Cryogenic freezing is a mild freezing technology due to the formation of small ice crystals. This preservation technology is well applicable for increasing the shelf life of bakery products. In our experiment, we made donut samples of matured dough, traditional dough with pork fat, and dough with increased fibre content made by adding flaxseed flour. They were fried in palm oil and also in high oleic sunflower oil. Donuts were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 60 seconds and they underwent a storage of 7 days at -18°C. Thawing at room temperature and thawing in oven were tested. We investigated how freezing, frozen storage and different thawing processes affect sample texture by penetration. The effect of freezing on water activity and sensory properties were also investigated. In our experiment we found that cryogenic freezing influenced the texture of prepared donuts, but sensory evaluation have shown that this does not lead to a decrease in popularity. In addition, a slight decrease in water activity was observed after freezing and thawing. Heating in oven proved to be the better method for the thawing process of donuts based on sensory properties of products. In addition, consumers preferred the increased fibre content of doughs

Alternatív fehérjeforrások sütőipari felhasználása

Az élelmiszeripari ágazat szereplői gluténmentes termékek előállítása révén folyamatosan bővülő választékkal, minél szélesebb körben igyekeznek kiszolgálni a cöliákiás (coeliakiás) betegek igényeit, biztosítani számukra a megfelelő tápanyagbevitelt. Munkacsoportunk ennek a célnak az eléréséhez kíván hozzájárulni olyan sütőipari termékek fejlesztésével, amelyek a szükséges szénhidrátmennyiségen túl értékes fehérje- és esszenciális aminosav-forrást is biztosítanak a szervezet számára. Célunk olyan lisztkeverék összeállítása, amely gluténmentes, nagyobb fehérjetartalommal rendelkezik, mint a kenyérgabonák, és sütőipari felhasználásra, elsődlegesen ostya készítésére is alkalmas. A lisztkeverék alapjául a köleslisztet választottuk, amelyhez kiegészítő fehérjeforrásként kender-, lucerna- és csillagfürtlisztet kevertünk. Az aminosav-összetételre vonatkozó analitikai vizsgálatok elvégzése után fehérje minősítő értékeket állapítottunk meg (Amino Acid Score - AAS, Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score - PDCAAS), amelyek segítségével optimáltuk a lisztkeverékeket. Reológiai méréseket végeztünk az ostyák roppanósságának vizsgálatára. A csillagfürt- és a kendermagliszt adagolása nem változtatta meg jelentős mértékben a kontroll mintákhoz viszonyított keménység-adatokat, a lucerna adagolása viszont lágyította a tésztát. A kedvezőbb fehérjetartalom elérése mellett természetesen célunk volt a fogyasztók számára megfelelő érzékszervi tulajdonságokkal rendelkező termék gyártása. A kontroll mintához képest a csillagfürt adagolása csökkentette a köles alapú tészták keserű ízérzetét, és javult az ostya keménysége is. A kendermagliszt 35%-os keverése a kölesliszttel szintén megfelelő állományú és ízű sütőipari terméket eredményezett. A lucerna jó aminosav profilja ellenére rontotta az ostyák reológiai tulajdonságát és érzékszervi megítélését

Effect of apple pomace powder addition on rice flour based biscuits quality

Apple pomace is the primary by-product generated during the production of apple juice. This study investigates the effect of apple pomace powder (APP) on baking quality of rise-flour based biscuits. Water activity, moisture content was measured; sensory evaluation, colour investigation, total polyphenol content and texture profile analysis were performed. By increasing the concentration of apple pomace, the hardness, fracturability, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity increased, while their brightness, moisture content, water activity and overall popularity decreased. Apple pomace flour addition also increased the sweet taste intensity of cookies suggesting that in bakery products APF evolve a flavor enhancer role. Based on the sensory and compositional attributes, it was concluded that good quality biscuits can be prepared through using 5% and 7.5 % apple pomace powder with rice flour. APP proved to be a promising alternative ingredient in case of biscuits

Effect of cryogenic freezing on the textural and sensoric properties of donuts

Cryogenic freezing is a mild freezing technology due to the formation of small ice crystals. This preservation technology is well applicable for increasing the shelf life of bakery products. In our experiment, we made donut samples of matured dough, traditional dough with pork fat, and dough with increased fibre content made by adding flaxseed flour. They were fried in palm oil and also in high oleic sunflower oil. Donuts were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 60 seconds and they underwent a storage of 7 days at -18°C. Thawing at room temperature and thawing in oven were tested. We investigated how freezing, frozen storage and different thawing processes affect sample texture by penetration. The effect of freezing on water activity and sensory properties were also investigated. In our experiment we found that cryogenic freezing influenced the texture of prepared donuts, but sensory evaluation have shown that this does not lead to a decrease in popularity. In addition, a slight decrease in water activity was observed after freezing and thawing. Heating in oven proved to be the better method for the thawing process of donuts based on sensory properties of products. In addition, consumers preferred the increased fibre content of doughs

Potential Barriers of Patient Involvement in Health Technology Assessment in Central and Eastern European Countries

Patients' perspectives are important to identify preferences, estimate values and appreciate unmet medical needs in the process of research and development and subsequent assessment of new health technologies. Patient and public involvement in health technology assessment (HTA) is essential in understanding and assessing wider implications of coverage and reimbursement decisions for patients, their relatives, caregivers, and the general population. There are two approaches to incorporating the patients' voice in HTA, preferably used in a mix. In the first one, patients, caregivers and/or their representatives directly participate at discussions in different stages of the HTA process, often at the same table with other stakeholders. Secondly, patient involvement activities can be supported by evidence on patient value and experience collected directly from patients, caregivers and/or their representatives often by patient groups Patient involvement practices, however, are limited in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries without clear methodology or regulatory mechanisms to guide patient involvement in the HTA process. This poses the question of transferability of practices used in other countries, and might call for the development of new CEE-specific guidelines and methods. In this study we aim to map potential barriers of patient involvement in HTA in countries of the CEE region

Recommendations for patient involvement in health technology assessment in Central and Eastern European countries

IntroductionMeaningful patient involvement in health technology assessment (HTA) is essential in ensuring that the interests of the affected patient population, their families, and the general public are accurately reflected in coverage and reimbursement decisions. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are generally at less advanced stages of implementing HTA, which is particularly true for patient involvement activities. As part of the Horizon2020 HTx project, this research aimed to form recommendations for critical barriers to patient involvement in HTA in CEE countries. MethodsBuilt on previous research findings on potential barriers, a prioritisation survey was conducted online with CEE stakeholders. Recommendations for prioritised barriers were formed through a face-to-face workshop by CEE stakeholders and HTx experts. ResultsA total of 105 stakeholders from 13 CEE countries completed the prioritisation survey and identified 12 of the 22 potential barriers as highly important. The workshop had 36 participants representing 9 CEE countries, and 5 Western European countries coming together to discuss solutions in order to form recommendations based on best practices, real-life experience, and transferability aspects. Stakeholder groups involved in both phases included HTA organisation representatives, payers, patients, caregivers, patient organisation representatives, patient experts, health care providers, academic and non-academic researchers, health care consultants and health technology manufacturers/providers. As a result, 12 recommendations were formed specified to the CEE region's context, but potentially useful for a broader geographic audience. ConclusionIn this paper, we present 12 recommendations for meaningful, systematic, and sustainable patient involvement in HTA in CEE countries. Our hope is that engaging more than a hundred CEE stakeholders in the study helped to spread awareness of the importance and potential of patient involvement and that the resulting recommendations provide tangible steps for the way forward. Future studies shall focus on country-specific case studies of the implemented recommendations