A comparative study of conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue or glueless sutureless conjunctival autograft after pterygium surgery

Background: Conjunctival autografting after Pterygium excision can be done by fibrin glue or sutures but use of foreign material can cause discomfort and infection. Fibrin glue may cause hypersensitivity reaction and also have risk of viral transmission. To avoid these conjuctival autograft can be applied without suture or glue. Patient’s own blood act as a bioadhesive.Methods: We done a prospective randomized control study of 70 patients, 35 patients allocated in each group. Group A had conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue while group B had conjunctival autografting without glue or sutures.Results: In group A 31 and group B 26 patients had well placed conjunctival autograft while 4 in group A and 9 patients in group B had either displaced or dislodged graft. The results were statistically insignificant with P value of 0.219 and No complication was reported in any patient except recurrence. The 5 patients in group A and 6 in group B had recurrence which is not statistically significant.Conclusions: Graft stability is more with fibrin glue as compare to glueless and sutureless conjunctival autografting but using patients own blood as bioadhesive is safer and cost effective. The rate of recurrence is similar in both the groups

Demographic profile and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in North Western Rajasthan, India

Background: The aim was to study the demographic profile and analyze risk factor associated with dry eye disease in North West Rajasthan, India.Methods: This was a hospital-based study conducted in Department of Ophthalmology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Sample size of this study was 100 patients. All participants underwent a general ophthalmic assessment including history of any previous ocular and systemic illness along with ocular examination on slit lamp and specific tests for dry eye (Schirmer's test and Tear film break up time) were performed.Results: Dry eye were seen maximum in age group 46 to 60 years (41%), followed by 61-75 years (23%). Female’s preponderance was seen compared with male. Dry eye patients belong from rural areas were (57%) while remaining (43%) from urban areas and among these highest were farmer/labourers (32%). Several known risk factors were found in this study which include post-menopause. Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users had strong association with dry eye. In Systemic disease rheumatoid arthritis was commonly associated with dry eye were. Smoking contact lens use were also associated with increased risk of developing dry eye.Conclusions: Dry eye disease are more common in older age group patients. Female’s preponderance were found in the study especially postmeopausal women. Dry eye disease are more common in patients belongs to rural areas. Risk factor associated with dry eye were Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users, systemic disease like rheumatoid arthritis Smoking, contact lens users

Study to evaluate the efficacy of Yavani Churna and Yoga Therapy in Primary Dysmenorrhea - A Clinical Study

Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is a medical condition experienced by majority of adolescent girls with an estimate prevalence between 67%- 90%. Today's stressful modern lifestyle, lack of physical activity, food habits, frequent intervention of female genital tract affects the uterine environment which leads to higher incidence of Dysmenorrhea. It affects their academic performance, social activities and is a cause for school absenteeism. In Ayurveda, Dysmenorrhea is mentioned as symptom of many disorders like Vatala Yonivyapada, Paripluta Yonivyapada, Mahayoni, Udavartini Yonivyapada and Vataja Artav Dushti. Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi) is a well-known herb available in every Indian kitchen and traditionally it was used for curing numerous ailments. Ayurveda mentioned its properties as Vatanuloman, Shothahara, Shoolaghgna etc. Yoga is a non-pharmacological treatment modality popularly useful in several diseases. Several researches also proved the positive effect of Yavani and Yoga on pain inflammation, oxidative stress etc. Thus, for present study Yavani Churna and Yoga therapy has selected and clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients of Primary Dysmenorrhea for two consecutive cycle (2 month). These patients were divided into 2 groups as group A (Yavani Churna and Yoga Therapy) and group B (Yavani Churna). After 2 consecutive cycles, results showed significant improvement in pain as well as other clinical parameters

Incidence of dry eye after radiotherapy for head and neck tumours: a tertiary Care Hospital North West Rajasthan

Background: Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the management of many patients with head-and-neck (H&N) cancer. To study the incidence of dry eye associated with radiotherapy and correlate them with dose of radiation.Methods: This Hospital based prospective study comprises of 100 patients of head and neck tumors who received radiotherapy by linear accelerator from 2015 to 2017. Ocular examination was done prior to the start of therapy, 1st follow up at 15th day of therapy, 2nd at last day of therapy (23-35 fraction), 3rd at 3 months after completion of therapy for side effects, 4th at 6 months, 5th at 12 month and 6th at 18 months after completion of therapy for assessing dry eye.Results: 59% patients developed dry eye. 44 patients received dose 45-55 Gy and out from these 13 (29.50%) patients developed dry eye, 40 patients received dose 56-65 Gy and out from these 33 (78.00%) patients developed dry eye and 16 patients received dose 66-70 Gy and out from these 13 (95.00%) patients developed dry eye.Conclusions: We concluded that the incidence of dry eye increased with increased total radiation dose. The current study suggests the importance of total dose as well as dose per fraction despite advancement of radiotherapy techniques and using protective mechanisms for eye complications developed

Molecular Basis of Plant Adaptation against Aridity

Environment fluctuations have become the greatest threat to global food security. Of various abiotic stress factors, aridity hampers the most yield contributing attributes. In the context of agriculture, term “aridity” refers to a protracted period of insufficient precipitation, having detrimental influence on crop development and overall biological output. A sustained drought has considerable negative effects on crops and livestock, including the reduced production, destruction of property, and livestock sell-offs. Consequently, plants themself exert various kinds of defensive mechanisms to combat the ill effects of climate change. For example, plants with small leaves, benefit from aridity as part of their strategy for modifying the soil to water shortages and nutrient restrictions. Furthermore, low genetic diversity among significant crop species, together with ecological productivity limits, must be addressed in order to adapt crops to episodic drought spells in the coming days. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic underpinnings of the most important intrinsic adaptation responses to drought stress seems to be beneficial for gene engineering as well as gene-based expression investigations in plant systems under hostile environment. Recently, molecular markers and “omics” have opened a huge opportunity to identify and develop specific gene constructs governing plant adaptation to environmental stress

A comparative study of conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue or glueless sutureless conjunctival autograft after pterygium surgery

Background: Conjunctival autografting after Pterygium excision can be done by fibrin glue or sutures but use of foreign material can cause discomfort and infection. Fibrin glue may cause hypersensitivity reaction and also have risk of viral transmission. To avoid these conjuctival autograft can be applied without suture or glue. Patient’s own blood act as a bioadhesive.Methods: We done a prospective randomized control study of 70 patients, 35 patients allocated in each group. Group A had conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue while group B had conjunctival autografting without glue or sutures.Results: In group A 31 and group B 26 patients had well placed conjunctival autograft while 4 in group A and 9 patients in group B had either displaced or dislodged graft. The results were statistically insignificant with P value of 0.219 and No complication was reported in any patient except recurrence. The 5 patients in group A and 6 in group B had recurrence which is not statistically significant.Conclusions: Graft stability is more with fibrin glue as compare to glueless and sutureless conjunctival autografting but using patients own blood as bioadhesive is safer and cost effective. The rate of recurrence is similar in both the groups

A newborn with ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum

Introduction: Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete adhesion of upper and lower eyelids, usually seen as an isolated finding but often associated with other anomalies or as a part of well-defined syndrome. Materials and Methods: Newborn male was referred to eye hospital for ophthalmic examination. It revealed four fine extensible bands of skin in right eye and two bands in left eye. Apart from this, he was perfectly healthy. It was managed by dividing the adhesions by Vanas scissors. Results and Conclusion: It is a rare but potentially amblyogenic congenital abnormality of the eyelids. Treatment should be performed to minimize the risk of amblyopia

Entropy generation in Poiseuille flow through a channel partially filled with a porous material

In the present paper, a theoretical analysis of entropy generation due to fully developed flow and heat transfer through a parallel plate channel partially filled with a porous medium under the effect of transverse magnetic field and radiation is presented. Both horizontal plates of the channel are kept at constant and equal temperature. An exact solution of governing equation for both porous and clear fluid regions has been obtained in closed form. The entropy generation number and the Bejan number are also calculated. The effects of various parameters such as magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter, Brinkman number, permeability parameter, ratios of viscosities and thermal conductivities are examined on velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate

Comparative study of recurrence after pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting and amniotic membrane transplantation

Introduction: Pterygium is ocular surface lesion thought to originate from damage to limbal stem cells by chronic ultra violet light exposure. It has high recurrence rates following resection. Both amniotic membrane and conjunctival autograft are source of stem cells. We compare recurrence after pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting and amniotic membrane grafting. Methods: Prospective case study of seventy patients after pterygium excision with Amniotic membrane transplantation or Conjunctival autografting. Thirty five patients divided in each group and fibrin glue used for both Amniotic membrane transplantation and Conjunctival autografting. Results: Six follow up from first postoperative day to one year were done in each group. Group A (Amniotic membrane transplantation) had less Post operative complaints. In group A, all patients have well placed graft while in group B (conjunctival autografting) nine patients have graft displacement on first post operative day. It was statistically significant (p value 0.001). The recurrence occurring four patients in group A (11.42%) while in 7 patients in group B (20%). The recurrence was more in group B although it was statistically insignificant (p value <0.511). Amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue having less postoperative complaints, better graft stability and less recurrence as compare to conjunctival autografting. Conclusion: Our study shows good outcome with Amniotic membrane transplantation. Probably this is because of anti- inflammatory property of amniotic membrane, minimum surgical trauma and uniform thickness of graft