55 research outputs found

    Study of the population structure in Schnauzer dogs

    Get PDF
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the population structure of a Schnauzer dogs kennel. Pedigree data of 129 dogs were collected from a kennel in Southern Brazil. Dogs were divided into groups by height (“miniature”, “standard”, and “giant”) and subsequently, into coat color subgroups (“not informed”, “salt and pepper”, “black”, “white”, and “black and silver”). Population parameters were estimated using the Contribution, Inbreeding, Coancestry (CFC), and RelaX2 programs. Three ancestral generations were traced from the kennel dogs, totaling 685 unique individuals. Of these, 42% were considered founders. The analysis of the effective number of founders, number of effective ancestors, and inbreeding coefficient means were77, 44.9, and 0.08 for the miniature group, 26, 11.7 and 0.05for the standard group, and 28, 9.9 and 0.12 for the giant group, respectively. The subgroup “salt and pepper” in the “giant” group showed the highest inbreeding coefficient (0.14) and the highest kinship coefficient (0.20). Monitoring inbreeding allows to control upcoming breeding to acquire desirable characteristics in the population minimizing risk of deleterious effects

    Genetic parameters and genetic trends for production traits in dairy Gir cattle

    Get PDF
    ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic trends (GT) for 305-day milk yield (MY305) and 305-day fat yield (FY305) of purebred Dairy Gir animals of the National Dairy Gir Breeding Program. The restricted maximum likelihood method was used in an animal model. GT were obtained via linear regression and divided into two periods (1935-1992 and 1993-2013 for PL305; 1935-1992 and 1993-2010 for MY305). The estimated heritabilities were 0.23 (MY305) and 0.10 (FY305). The GT (kg/year) values for MY305 in the 2nd period for measured females (25.49), females (26.11), and males (35.13) were higher than those found in the 1st period (2.52; 2.06, and 1.00, respectively). The heritability estimated for MY305 confirmed the possibility of genetic improvement by selection and indicated a lower additive genetic effect on FY305 of purebred animals. The genetic progress for MY305 in all purebred population is denoted by the more expressive gains found from 1990’s, when the first bull catalogs were published

    Parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite no dia do controle de vacas da raça Holandesa utilizando modelos de análises de fatores e componentes principais

    Get PDF
    Objetivou-se comparar um modelo multicaracterística padrão com modelos de análise de fatores (AF) e de componentes principais (CP) para estimar parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite no dia do controle (PLDC) de vacas da raça Holandesa. O arquivo de trabalho constituiu-se de 4.616 registros mensais de PLDC de primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Holandesa. As PLDC foram agrupadas em dez classes mensais, entre o 5o e 305o dia da lactação (PLDC1 a PLDC10). Foram realizadas análises considerando 11 modelos diferentes, como segue: multi-característica padrão (MC); cinco modelos de posto reduzido, para a matriz de covariância genética, ajustando um a cinco (CP1 ... CP5) componentes principais; e dois modelos utilizando análise de fatores (F1, F2, F3, F4 e F5). Para todos os modelos, foram considerados como aleatórios os efeitos genético aditivo e o residual e como fixos os de grupo de contemporâneos, da idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático) e dias em lactação (linear). Os valores de Log L, AIC e BIC melhoraram com o aumento do número de parâmetros até CP4 e AF4. Comparando CP4 e AF4, observa-se que CP4 resultou em melhores valores de Log L, AIC e BIC. As estimativas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas utilizando os modelos MC, CP4 e AF4 foram similares, variando de 0,06 (PL6) a 0,65 (PL10) e de 0,05 (PL4xPL10) a 0,94 (PL2xPL3), respectivamente, indicando que a estrutura de covariâncias genéticas entre as produções de leite no dia do controle pode ser ajustada utilizando um modelo de posto reduzido, contendo quatro componentes principais ou quatro fatores.The objective was to compare a standard multi-trait (MT) analysis model with factor (FA) and principal components (PC) analyses models to estimated genetic parameters for Holstein cows test day milk production (TD). The data file was composed by 4.616 TD at first lactation registers. The TD was grouped into ten monthly classes of lactation, from the 5th and the 305th day of lactation (TD1 to TD10). Analyses were performed considering 11 different models: standard multi-traits (MT), five reduced rank models to genetic covariance matrix adjusting one (PC1), two (PC2), three (PC3), four (PC4) and five (PD5) principal components and five models using factor analyses (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5). To all the models the effects additive genetic and residual were considered as random and the effects of contemporary group, age of cow at parturition (linear and quadratic) and days in lactation (linear) were considered as fixed. The values of Log L, AIC e BIC improved with the augment of the number of parameters until CP4 and AF4. Comparing CP4 and AF4 is possible to verify that CP4 proportioned better values to Log L, AIC e BIC. The heritabilities and genetic correlations estimated to the ten test day milk production using MC, CP4 and AF4 models were similar ranging from 0.06 (PL6) to 0.65 (PL10) and from 0.05 (PL4xPL10) to 0.94 (PL2xPL3), respectively, indicating that the structure of the genetic covariance between the TD milk productions can be adjusted using a reduced rank model with four principal components or four factors

    Parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite usando modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes alternativas de modelagem da regressão fixa

    Get PDF
    Records of test-day milk yields of the first three lactations of 25,500 Holstein cows were used to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield by using two alternatives of definition of fixed regression of the random regression models (RRM). Legendre polynomials of fourth and fifth orders were used to model regression of fixed curve (defined based on averages of the populations or multiple sub-populations formed by grouping animals which calved at the same age and in the same season of the year) or random lactation curves (additive genetic and permanent enviroment). Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) indicated that the models which used multiple regression of fixed lactation curves of lactation multiple regression model with fixed lactation curves had the best fit for the first lactation test-day milk yields and the models which used a single regression of fixed curve had the best fit for the second and third lactations. Heritability for milk yield during lactation estimates did not vary among models but ranged from 0.22 to 0.34, from 0.11 to 0.21, and from 0.10 to 0.20, respectively, in the first three lactations. Similarly to heridability estimates of genetic correlations did not vary among models. The use of single or multiple fixed regressions for fixed lactation curves by RRM does not influence the estimates of genetic parameters for test-day milk yield across lactations.Os registros de produção de leite no dia do controle das três primeiras lactações de 25,5 mil vacas da raça Holandesa foram utilizados para estimar parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite usando duas alternativas de definição da regressão fixa dos modelos de regressão aleatória (MRA). Os polinômios de Legendre de ordens 4 e 5 foram usados para modelar as regressões das curvas fixas (definidas com base nas médias das produções de leite no dia do controle da população ou de múltiplas sub-populações formadas pelo agrupamento de animais que pariram na mesma idade e estação do ano) e aleatórias (genética aditiva e de ambiente permanente) de lactação. Os critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC) e Bayesiano (BIC) indicaram os modelos que consideraram múltiplas regressões das curvas fixas de lactação como os que melhor se ajustaram aos registros de produção de leite da primeira lactação e os modelos que utilizaram uma única regressão da curva fixa, como os melhores para ajuste das segunda e terceira lactações. As herdabilidades para produção de leite ao longo da lactação não variaram entre modelos, entretanto variaram de 0,22 a 0,34; 0,11 a 0,21 e 0,10 a 0,20, respectivamente, para as três primeiras lactações. Semelhantemente às estimativas de herdabilidade os valores das estimativas de correlações genéticas não variaram entre modelos. O uso de uma ou de múltiplas regressões das curvas fixas de lactação pelos MRA não influencia na estimação de parâmetros genéticos para as produções de leite ao longo das lactações de vacas da raça Holandesa
    corecore