A green and efficient method for the preparation of 3, 4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using quaternary ammonium- treated clay in water

Abstract: In this study, a variety of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones derivatives were synthesized via three-component Biginelli reaction. The quaternary ammonium-treated clay -catalyzed process proved to be simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly

Development and Validation of an Intervention Protocol based on the Mental Security of Divorced Women on Resilience and Psychological Well-being: Intervention Protocol based on the Mental Security of Divorced Women

Background and Aim: The research was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an intervention protocol based on the mental security of divorced women and investigating its effectiveness on their resilience and psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed method. The research method in the quantitative part was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this part of the research consisted of all the divorced women of al-Shatar city in 1400-1401, and 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected by simple random method. For each investigated factor, considering 12 experts, the minimum acceptable value for CVR is 0.88 and for CVI index is 0.79 based on Lauche table. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview and the tools used in the quantitative part were the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire (CD-RIS), and the psychological well-being questionnaire of Rief (1998).  Results: In the quantitative part, the results showed that the intervention protocol based on the psychological security of divorced women is effective on resilience and psychological well-being of divorced women. Conclusion: Several factors play a role in the process of forming the mental security of divorced women, and by identifying them in different environments, cultures, and societies, necessary and effective measures can be taken to improve and promote the mental security of divorced women

The impact of addictive behaviors on adolescents psychological well-being : the mediating effect of perceived peer support

Studies exploring excessive Internet use and gambling are rapidly expanding concerns regarding its impact on mental health, especially in young people due to the increased prevalence of Internet and gambling addictions. Research suggests that perceived peer support plays a significant role in adolescents' psychological well-being. However, no empirical study has dealt with the mediating effect of perceived peer support on the relationship between Internet and gambling addictions and psychological well-being. Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether perceived peer support mediates the relation between Internet and gambling addictions and psychological well-being of adolescents. A sample of 347 Iranian adolescents aged 14 to 18 (Mean age 16.14, 50.4% male) who were studying in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia participated in this study. Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), Six-item Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ6), and The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) were used to collect data. Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of compulsive Internet use and problem gambling on psychological well-being through perceived peer support. The total effects of compulsive Internet use and problem gambling on psychological well-being were negative. This study implies the significance of strengthening the knowledge about the impact of peer relationships among adolescents

Empty sella in somatotropic pituitary adenomas; a series of 23 cases

PurposeWe aimed to investigate empty sella syndrome in somatotrophic pituitary adenoma for possible etiology, complications, and treatment options.MethodAmong over 2,000 skull base masses that have been managed in our center since 2013, we searched for growth hormone-producing adenomas. Clinical, surgical, and imaging data were retrospectively collected from hospital records to check for sella that lacked pituitary tissue on routine imaging.ResultIn 220 somatotrophic adenomas, 23 patients had an empty sella with surgical and follow-up data. The mean age of the sample was 46 years with the same male-to-female ratio. Five cases had partial empty sella and the rest were complete empty sellas. The most common simultaneous hormonal disturbance was high prolactin levels. Six had adenoma invasion into the clivus or sphenoid sinus and 10 had cavernous sinus intrusion. Peri-operative low-flow and high-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were encountered in one and two patients, respectively, which were successfully sealed by abdominal fat. The majority of cases required growth hormone replacement therapy while it was controlled without any replacement therapy in nine patients. No pituitary hormonal disturbance occurred after transsphenoidal surgery except for hypothyroidism in one patient.ConclusionAn empty sella filled with fluid can be detected frequently in pituitary adenomas, especially in the setting of acromegaly. The pituitary gland may be pushed to the roof of the sella and might be visible as a narrow rim on imaging or may be detected in unusual places out of the sella. The pathophysiology behind such finding originates from soft and hard tissue changes and CSF pressure alternations during abundant growth hormone production