Endometrial stromal nodule: a rare case report

Endometrial stromal nodules (ESN) are benign tumours of mesenchymal origin with features reminiscent of proliferative phase endometrial stroma. Diagnosis of ESNs can be established only by light microscopy and no preoperative diagnostic methods are available. Although ESNs are benign and rare, distinguishing it from other types of invasive stromal tumours is of utmost importance since prognosis and management change considerably with the diagnosis. This was a rare case report of endometrial stromal nodule in a nulliparous woman, 30 years old who presented with complaint of menorrhagia and primary infertility and had a preoperative diagnosis of large leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. She underwent a fertility preserving conservative surgery i.e. myomectomy via abdominal route, histopathology reports of which revealed endometrial stromal nodule that changed the final diagnosis and follow up regime of the patient

Improvement of tea leaves fermentation through pectinases

The pectinase enzymes isolated from Aspergillus niger, Byssochlamys fulva and Mucor circinelloides were used for fermentation of tea leaves from Camellia sinensis plant. The use of partially purified enzymes from Aspergillus niger and Mucor circinelloides resulted in significant (p < 0.001) increase in the phenolic compounds, hence, improvement in tea quality. Maximum increase in phenolic compounds was found in tea leaves treated with partially purified polygalacturonase (PGase) from Mucor circinelloides. Hence, purified polygalacturonase from Mucor circinelloides was used to study its effect on the improvement of tea leaves fermentation. The partially purified polygalacturonase from Mucor circinelloides was found to be most effective in tea fermentation, whereas pectin lyase from Byssochlamys fulva had little role in improvement of tea quality

Visible Light Sensitive Mesoporous Cu-Substituted ZnO Nanoassembly for Enhanced Photocatalysis, Bacterial Inhibition, and Noninvasive Tumor Regression

Visible-light driven photosensitizers have been recognized for their potential utility for various applications especially in nanomedicine. The aim of this study is to investigate a new strategy to use Cu-substituted ZnO nanoassemblies for induction of photodynamic effect under visible light irradiation. Here, we report the synthesis of Cu substituted ZnO nanoassemblies (Cu-ZnO NAs) with optimized Cu concentration, required for enhanced photosensitive performance for sustained antibacterial and anticancer activity under dark as well as visible-light irradiation conditions. It is noted that the substitution of Cu ions in ZnO NAs remarkably improves its absorption properties and charge separation efficiency as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) level that make it more appropriate for photodynamic therapy under visible light irradiation for killing of bacterial and cancerous cells. The generated ROS causes a significant decrease in cell viability as well as mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, Cu-ZnO NAs show ROS induced cellular apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. These characteristics enable the use of these NAs as a photosensitizer in cancer therapy

Palatogingival groove – a silent killer: Treatment of an osseous defect due to it

A male patient of 21 years of age reported to the Department of Periodontology and Implantology with a chief complain of pus discharge in both right and left upper lateral incisors. On clinical examination a deep pocket of about 10–14 mm was noticed in both lateral incisors. Radiographic interpretation shows a teardrop-shaped radiolucency in both the laterals giving suspicion of palatogingival groove, which was later discovered and treated surgically

A case series of noncatatonic mutism with poor response to conventional treatment approach

Mutism is the absence or marked paucity of verbal output due to functional or organic causes. Selective mutism is commonly seen in children with anxiety disorder. In psychiatric literature, long-standing mutism is most commonly associated with catatonic syndrome in adults. Although less commonly reported, long-standing mutism has also been associated with noncatatonic schizophrenia and posits a treatment challenge. Here, we describe two cases of long-standing noncatatonic mutism secondary to Schneiderian first rank symptoms, which were poorly responsive to conventional antipsychotic treatment and had good response to the combination of antipsychotics and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is an underutilized treatment modality in patients with schizophrenia and is usually limited to catatonic states. The case series, thus, highlights the need for the development of an evidence base for the use of ECT in patients with noncatatonic mutism

Comparison of efficacy of three different mouthwashes in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scaler: A pilot study

Background and Objective: Aerosol produced during the procedure of scaling and root planing is a potent source of infection. Preprocedural mouthrinsing has been found effective in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced during the procedure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three different mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine, Essential Oils & Herbal Extracts by using them as preprocedural rinsing agent in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced by ultrasonic scaler. Material and Methodology: 40 subjects age and gender matched were randomly divided into four groups on the basis of agents used for preprocedural mouthrinsing - Group I: Distilled Water (Control), Group II: Chlorhexidine (CHX), Group III: Herbal Extracts (HR) & Group IV: Essential Oils (EO). The aerosols were collected on three previously prepared and sterilised blood agar plates at three different positions in the operatory. The colony forming units were counted after incubating the plates for 48 hours. Result: At all locations, the mean CFU was highest in Group I followed by Group III, Group IV and Group II. Conclusion: In the study 0.2 % chlorhexidine was found to be most effective preprocedural mouthwash in reducing the bacterial load in the aerosol produced during ultrasonic scaling followed by essential oil and herbal mouthwash respectively