KANCHNAR GUGGULU AND VARUNADI KASHAYA IN HYPOTHYROIDISM - A CASE STUDY

Thyroid is one of the earliest endocrine glands to build up. After diabetes thyroid is the second most prevailing disorder in daily OPD. The thyroid gland secretes two hormones, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The most common presentation of thyroid disease are thyrotoxicosis (graves disease) i.e., hyper functioning of thyroid gland, hypo thyroidism, (creatinisim) in children, myxoedema in females and enlargement of gland called as goiter. Iodine (I) is the trace element required for thyroid hormone synthesis, In hypo thyroidism TSH level is increased, where as in hyper thyroidism TSH level is decreased, both the conditions exhibit different signs and symptoms. The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism is1:100, but increases to 5:100. The female-male ratio is approximately 6:1. In modern science, the treatment of hypothyroidism is done by Thyroxine therapy for lifelong starting from 25mcg/day. There is no direct reference of thyroid in Ayurvedic classics, where as the Galganda and Gandmala have been frequently used in the text. According to Charaka presentation of multiple Granthi around the neck is called Gandmala and single swelling on the Parshav of the neck is Galgand. Galgand is explained classically in all the Ayurvedic texts, including Shushruta and Astang hruday,since Galgand is the most untouched topic in Ayurveda and since thyroid is becoming one of the common problems in day-to-day practice. However in recent times it has been observed that thyroid can be very well managed with Ayurvedic drugs, although modern drugs are quite effective in getting TSH level down but with certain side effects. So a case of hypothyroidism was selected and observed before and after the treatment. Kanchnar is considered as a drug of choice for Granthi vikar and Galgand, so here in this case Kanchnar guggulu along with Varunadi kashaya along with Trivrit avleha was administered for the purpose of Nitya virechana. The patient was followed upto 6months to observe increase in value of TSH

Moisture stress induced changes in metabolites and cellular functions in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes

The present investigation was aimed to study influence of moisture stress in in vitro identified tolerant (GL28151, RSG963, PDG3) and sensitive (GL22044, GNG1861, PBG1) chickpea genotypes under field conditions. Moisture stress treatments included crop sown with one pre-sowing irrigation (WSVFP), irrigation withheld at flower initiation stage (WSF), irrigation withheld at pod initiation stage (WSP) and control (irrigated as and when required). Osmolytes (in seeds) viz. total soluble sugars, starch, proline, cellular functions; relative water content, membrane permeability index and lipid peroxidation (in leaves), antioxidant enzymes (at pod filling stage) viz. peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase were estimated in chickpea seeds under control and stressed conditions. WSVFP was most severely affected by moisture stress followed by WSP and WSF and emphasized on pod intuition stage as critical stage attributable to hindered transport of assimilates towards formation of pods and development of seeds under stress imposed by lack of sufficient moisture. Highest accumulation of total soluble sugars (73.33), starch (73.12), proline (2.04) in mg/g fresh weight, least percentage reduction over control in relative water content (20.3), membrane permeability index (18.8) and minimal lipid peroxidation (31.3) accompanied by significantly enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes under WSVFP rendered moisture stress tolerance in RSG963. The pronounced cellular damage, lesser alleviation in the content of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes activity was observed in sensitive genotype GL22044 under stress treatments. High molecular weight protein bands were found either absent or of low intensity in sensitive genotypes (GL22044, GNG1861 and PBG1) under severe stress treatment (WSVFP)

Influence of salicylic acid on biochemical parameters and antioxidant system in mashbean plants grown under salt stress conditions

Abiotic stress factors affect almost every aspect of physiology and biochemisrtry of a plant. The present study investigates the role of salicylic acid (SA) in inducing plant tolerance to salinity. The application of 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM SA to mashbean (Vigna mungo L.) plants provided protection against 30mM or 45mM NaCl stress throughelevated antioxidant system. The genotypes KUG 363, KUG 310, (salt sensitive), KUG 502 and KUG 529 (salt tolerant) along with UL 338 (as check) were subjected to salt stress. Relative leaf water content (61%) decreased under 45mM salt stress in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 as compared to control (85%). Leaf water potential was also recorded at 50 DAS in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 (-2.66 mpa) and in salt sensitive genotype KUG 363(-3.76 mpa) .All the genotypes showed higher accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species under salt stress. A remarkable decrease was shown in antioxidant enzymes like catalase (179 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1617 n moles/min/g FW) in KUG 529 . The level of antioxidant system was enhanced catalase (184 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1853 n moles/min/g FW) in mashbean plants under NaCl stress following SA applications . Thus SA helped in conferring stress tolerance to mashbean plants through enhanced antioxidant system. However, tolerant genotypes responded better than sensitive ones and lower concentration of SA (0.5mM) was more effective

Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes

Plant growth and development are adversely affected by salinity- a major environmental stress that limits agricultural production. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is sensitive to salinity that affects its yield and there is need to identify the tolerant genotypes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on chickpea genotypes with specific physiological and biochemical attributes contributing to their adaptability to salinity stress. Seven chickpea genotypes both desi (ICC8950, ICCV10, ICC15868, GL26054) and kabuli (BG1053, L550, L552) were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Maximum decrease in relative leaf water content and chlorophyll content was observed with ICC15868 and GL26054 among the desi and L552 from the kabuli genotypes. The photosynthetic pigments, activity of nitrate reductase and relative leaf water content was also reduced in response to salt application with effect being more pronounced in ICC15868, GL26054 and L552 as compared to ICC8950, ICCV10, BG1053 and L550. Lipid peroxidation increases with the increase in NaCl concentration, maximum increment was observed in genotypes ICC15868, GL26054 and L552. Accumulation of proline in response to environmental stresses seems to be widespread among plants. Higher protein fractions were observed with tolerant genotypes in contrast to sensitive genotypes. Salt imposed stress finally caused a higher decline in number of filled pods. On the basis of physiological and biochemical parameters genotypes ICC8950 and ICCV10 from the desi genotypes and BG1053 and L550 from kabuli were identified as the tolerant while ICC15868, GL26054 as the sensitive ones and L552 as the moderately tolerant genotypes. These genotypes could be used as a source of tolerance in breeding programme to develop salt tolerant genotypes

CRYSTAL SALT LAMP, AN AFFORDABLE EQUIPMENT

As we are proceeding to next century, along with all the comforts of life, we are getting hazardous effects, out of our luxurious life. In todays era, where no doubt technically we are getting stronger and on the other end this technology is definitely rendering us with some of the major side effects. we are constantly using and are in touch with the various equipments like mobile phones, laptops, LCDS, LEDS, oven, etc and various other devices, which are causing hazardous effects on us. Now since we belong to particular century where it becomes essential for one to use these common gadgets which are being commonly used by almost every one. To kill the hazardous and unwanted effects of these gadgets, crystal salt lamp is an easy and affordable answer for it. Mythologically, salt is considered as gift of god and is dear to god. In Ayurveda also there is detail explanation about salt and its uses and salt is widely used in almost all the various formulations in Ayurveda

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PANCHKOLAPHANT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MANDAGNIJANYA STHAULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY

Obesity is one among the major diseases of modern era, increasing in prevalence. The Word Health report of W.H.O. listed Obesity under 10 top selected risks to the health. Sthaulya (Obesity) is well known from the Samhita period and is considered to be one of the eight undesirable conditions (Ashta Nindita). It can be caused due to Mandagni as Agni is considered to be responsible for metabolism. Thus, Ama formed moves within body, further causing Medovruddhi, which produces excessive stoutness. According to modern science, one of the causes for obesity is sedentary lifestyle, where there is more intake of junk food and less physical activity. This also signifies in increased BMI, further leading to obesity. In order to treat this problem, 30 patients of Sthaulya were registered to evaluate Sthaulya management with Panchakola Phant. Panchakola Phant containing Shunthi, Pippali, Pippalimula, Chavya, Chitrak; being Katu Rasaatmak helps in digestion and removal of Ama from body and further helps in management of Meda Dhatu Dushti. Patients were assessed on the basis of signs and symptoms before starting the treatment and administered Panchakola Phant. Duration for treatment was 3 months and patients were regularly followed up after 1 month to evaluate the clinical effects of the trial drug

A study of school students’ perception towards value education and advertising

Today, children are becoming silent by being busy on smart-phones or TV and while waiting for their parents to return from work; they often expect an enticing product instead of a warm hug. Sexual eroticism and its effect can be seen in increasing cases of teenage pregnancy, violence derived from the desire for expensive products by children who can barely have food; child obesity encouraged by the extreme exposure to junk food ads; and depression resulting from being unheard are some of the consequences that burden our children. India today is facing a value crisis where humanity seems to have lost its voice in the face of unending desire for wealth and pleasure. The present study is a deliberate attempt in this direction where there is a severe need for some remedial actions against the ill effects of advertising on innocent school students’ minds

Trabeculocyclostomy-A new modified filtering surgery for primary simple glaucoma

A new modified ′INTERNAL′ filtering surgery, Trabeculocyclostomy (TC) is described in 24 eyes of Primary open angle glaucoma. The importance of controlled drainage of aqueous into the suprachoroidal space and its absorption by the well vascularised choroidal tissue is highlighted. Out of the 24 eyes operated by this technique, in 20 eyes (83.3%) no further treatment was required for a mean follow up period of 18 months. In majority of the cases i.e. 19 eyes the anterior chamber reformed from the first day itself and remained so throughout the follow up period. With this in mind Trabeculocyclostomy may be a valuable procedure in cases of pseudophakic glaucoma (usually pre-existent) especially where an anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation has been done or is being done as a combined procedure. Minimum complications have been encountered to date

A new modified filteration surgery for neovascular glaucoma

A new modified surgical technique is described in five cases of advanced neovascular glaucoma. The procedure included excision of a large trabecular segment, non penetrating cyclodiathermy, destruction of iris new vessels and wide sector iridectomy. The preliminary results are evaluated and are quite encouraging

Phacolytic glaucoma-its treatment by planned extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation

Phacolytic glaucoma has traditionally been treated with intracapsular lens extraction to avoid any anaphylaxis. Various mechanisms have been described for the rise of intraocular pressure in these cases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the response of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (PC IOL) in five cases of phacolytic glaucoma that occurred between March 1989 and August 1990. A planned extracapsular cataract extraction with can-opener capsulectomy was done in all the cases with placement of a sulcus-fixated modified J-loop Sinskey design intraocular lens. With a mean follow-up period of two years, all patients (100%) maintained a normal postoperative intraocular pressure of less than 20 mm Hg without any additional medical therapy. The final best-corrected visual acuity in 4 cases (80%) was 6/12 or better, while in one case it was 6/24 due to a senile maculopathy. These results show that ECCE with PC IOL implantation is a safe and efficacious method of visual rehabilitation in cases of phacolytic glaucom