Korelasi Kuat Tekan Dengan Kuat Geser Pada Tanah Lempung Yang Didistribusi Dengan Variasi Campuran Pasir

This research aims to determine the compressive strength and shear strength on clay which issubstituted with a mixture of sand variations. Soil tested in this study is derived from clay ofBelimbing Sari Village, Jabung District, East Lampung. This is done because if you set up astructure on top of the clay will cause some problems, among others, the small value ofcompressive strength and shear strength of the soil.To determine the effect of mixing clay with sand on the compressive strength and shear strength, itis done by varying the mixing of sand by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. From the test results it is obtainedthat the increase in shear strength to a maximum of 0.7534 kg / cm2 and a decrease in cohesionvalue of 0.10 kg / cm2 at mixing the sand as much as 40%. In the compressive strength reaches amaximum value at 30% of the mixing done 4 variation is equal to 0.4996 kg / cm3. The greater thelevel of sand were added then the lesser the value of the soil cohesion, friction angle and thecompressive strength will increase although the maximum compressive strength value in mixing30% sand

A young boy with abdominal pain

At times, acute diffuse abdominal pain can be a diagnostic dilemma, especially when the symptoms appear to be out of proportion to the findings on physical examination. The case of a young boy with abdominal pain is presented

Studies on ash reduction of a non-coking coal sample by froth flotation

Coal is a vital energy fuel world over, statistically contribution upto 55-60% and it plays a major role in the economic development of the country. In general Indian coals are poor in quality with high ash content and they need beneficiation prior to their utilization. CSIR-NML is pursuing dry beneficiation of non-coking coal for application in DRI, cement and thermal power plant. However, during the crushing of coal for dry separation, some amounts of ultrafines are generated. There are limitations in treating ultrafine particles by dry separation methods. To maximise the overall combustible recovery an attempt was made for ash reduction in a typical non-coking sample from Rajmahal by froth flotation with an initial target of 25% ash in the product. Kerosene and diesel oil were used as collectors for coal flotation. The coal sample was characterised thoroughly in terms of petrography characteristics, size analysis and proximate analysis. Proximate analysis indicated that the coal contains 34.8% ash, 23.52% VM, 6.86% moisture and 34.82% FC. The coal sample of -150μm was taken for flotation studies. The effect of important variables such as collector dosage, frother dosage and pH level are investigated for arriving the optimum value of yield/combustible recovery. Use of dispersant/depressant with diesel oil as collector was found to give better yield with an ash content of 25% with a combustible recovery of 72%. Efforts are put in to further reduce ash content in clean coal for metallurgical application

Helicobacter pylori: association with gall bladder disorders in Pakistan

Helicobacter species colonise the biliary tract and therefore this study explores the relationship between of Helicobacter pylori and cholecystitis. Bile and gall bladder tissue samples were obtained from 144 Patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Of these, 89 had chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, 44 had gall bladder carcinoma and 11 had gall bladder polyps. Histopathology examination included special staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), while Helicobacter species (H. pylori, H. bilis and H. hepaticus) were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing and BLAST query of PCR products was undertaken and samples were considered to contain H. pylori if both PCR and IHC were positive. Immunohistochemistry for H. pylori was positive in 22 (25%) cases compared to five (9%) in the control group (P=0.02). Testing (PCR) for 16S rDNA was positive in 23 (26%) cases compared to six (11%) controls (P=0.03). Negative PCR results were obtained for H. bilis and H. hepaticus. Twenty-four (89%) were positive by both 16S rDNA PCR and IHC for H. pylori (

Seasonal Variation and Species Composition of Crustacean Zooplankton (Order : Cladocera) in

Abstract.-Qualitative and quantitative studies of crustacean zooplankton were carried out during 2001, when drought conditions prevailed. Ten species belonging to 9 genera and 4 families of order Cladocera were identified. Out of 10 species, 01 species Dunhevedia crassa is a new record from Pakistan. Enumeration of zooplankton indicated that the population of Alona rectangula and Dunhevedia crassa increased gradually during colder months (DecemberMarch). Alona rectangula peaked in February, while Dunhevedia crassa had two peaks, in December and March. Bosmina longirostris and Ceriodaphnia reticulata did not show any remarkable changes during the year. Chydorus poppei and Simocephalus exspinosus increased during warmer months. Chydorus poppei had a peak in May, while the peak of Simocephalus exspinosus was observed in July. Highest population of Macrothrix rosea was found in August, and then it decreased gradually during colder months. Population of Scapholeberis kingi remained low throughout the year, but exhibited peaks in September and March. Seasonal fluctuation of cladocerans can be correlated with the temperature and salinity of water. As the temperature and salinity decreased in colder months, the over all population of Cladocerans increased with a peak in February

Prevalence of non Helicobacter pylori species in patients presenting with dyspepsia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Helicobacter species associated with human infection include <it>Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter heilmannii </it>and <it>Helicobacter felis </it>among others. In this study we determined the prevalence of <it>H. pylori </it>and non-<it>Helicobacter pylori </it>organisms <it>H. felis and H. heilmannii </it>and analyzed the association between coinfection with these organisms and gastric pathology in patients presenting with dyspepsia. Biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with dyspepsia on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for rapid urease test, histology and PCR examination for Helicobacter genus specific 16S rDNA, <it>H. pylori </it>phosphoglucosamine mutase (<it>glmM</it>) and urease B (<it>ureB</it>) gene of <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. felis</it>. Sequencing of PCR products of <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. felis </it>was done.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two hundred-fifty patients with dyspepsia were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39 ± 12 years with males 162(65%). Twenty-six percent (66 out of 250) were exposed to cats or dogs. PCR for Helicobacter genus specific 16S rDNA was positive in 167/250 (67%), <it>H. pylori glmM </it>in 142/250 (57%), <it>H. heilmannii </it>in 17/250 (6%) and <it>H. felis </it>in 10/250 (4%), respectively. All the <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. felis </it>PCR positive patients were also positive for <it>H. pylori </it>PCR amplification. The occurrence of coinfection of <it>H. pylori </it>and <it>H. heilmannii </it>was 17(6%) and with <it>H. felis </it>was 10(4%), respectively. Only one out of 66 exposed to pets were positive for <it>H. heilmannii </it>and two for <it>H. felis</it>. Histopathology was carried out in 160(64%) of 250 cases. Chronic active inflammation was observed in 53(56%) (p = 0.001) of the patients with <it>H. pylori </it>infection alone as compared to 3(37%) (p = 0.73) coinfected with <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. pylori </it>and 3(60%) coinfected with <it>H. felis </it>and <it>H. pylori </it>(p = 0.66). Intestinal metaplasia was observed in 3(3%)(p = 1.0) of the patients with <it>H. pylori </it>infection alone as compared to 2(25%) (p = 0.02) coinfected with <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. pylori </it>and 1(20%) coinfected with <it>H. felis </it>and <it>H. pylori </it>(p = 0.15).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of <it>H. heilmannii </it>and <it>H. felis </it>was low in our patients with dyspepsia. Exposure to pets did not increase the risk of <it>H. heilmannii </it>or <it>H. felis </it>infection. The coinfection of <it>H. pylori </it>with <it>H. heilmannii </it>was seen associated with intestinal metaplasia, however this need further confirmation.</p