Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation Design in Cooperative MIMO-NOMA Networks

Due to its improved spectral efficiency, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is regarded as a promising multiple access technology for beyond fifth-generation (5G) networks. In this paper, we examine the performance of a cell-edge user and suggest a beamforming scheme in a cooperative two-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-NOMA system with Rayleigh fading channels. In the envisaged scenario, a cell-center user with better channel gain harvests energy and assists a cell-edge user with poorer channel conditions by using a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer mechanism. We first obtain the outage probability expressions in closed form for the cell-edge user for the Kronecker structured channel model in the covariance shaping and indefinite quadratic form. Next, the beamformers at the transmitter and receiver are introduced to reduce outage probability, with transmit beamformers maximizing the signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio and receive beamformers minimizing cross-covariance across all users. Furthermore, beamformers are adopted in the two-user network to adjust the power ratio and power allocation coefficients for better performance of the cell-edge user. Moreover, our scheme is also compared with a transmit antenna selection baseline scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach enhances the performance of the two-user cooperative MIMO-NOMA system’s performance, validating the theoretical analysis.© 2024 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Analysis of Key Establishment Techniques for Secure D2D Communication in Emerging 5G Cellular Networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as part of emerging 5G wireless networks presents a new paradigm for enhancing the performance of traditional cellular networks. The number of devices connected over the internet is dramatically increasing, and cellular operators are struggling to harness the overwhelming data traffic on their networks. D2D communication in a cellular network allows two cellular devices in close proximity to communicate directly with each other without going through the base station. D2D communication faces various challenges that include device discovery, resource allocation, interference and security; however, the security aspects of D2D are not sufficiently addressed. Due to limited computing capability and energy-constrained D2D devices, effective and lightweight security solutions are required for enabling successful D2D capability. To secure D2D communication, session key establishment is the most vital task. Public Key Cryptography (PKC) is the most widely used cryptosystem and have numerous security applications such as encryption, digital signature, and key exchange. This work analyses the performance of three PKC protocols that are commonly used for session key establishment and exchange, namely, Diffie-Hellman (DH), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), with a focus on D2D communication. We performed extensive simulations for DH, RSA and ECDH, in D2D communication scenarios using OMNET++ simulator and explored the effect of various network factors on key establishment delays such as network size, the impact of interference between D2D pairs and the effect of interference from cellular users upon D2D users as well. The results reported in this paper can provide significant insight in assessing the suitability of DH, RSA and ECDH for the key establishment for D2D in 5G networks

Smart Grid, Demand Response and Optimization: A Critical Review of Computational Methods

In view of scarcity of traditional energy resources and environmental issues, renewable energy resources (RERs) are introduced to fulfill the electricity requirement of growing world. Moreover, the effective utilization of RERs to fulfill the varying electricity demands of customers can be achieved via demand response (DR). Furthermore, control techniques, decision variables and offered motivations are the ways to introduce DR into distribution network (DN). This categorization needs to be optimized to balance the supply and demand in DN. Therefore, intelligent algorithms are employed to achieve optimized DR. However, these algorithms are computationally restrained to handle the parametric load of uncertainty involved with RERs and power system. Henceforth, this paper focuses on the limitations of intelligent algorithms for DR. Furthermore, a comparative study of different intelligent algorithms for DR is discussed. Based on conclusions, quantum algorithms are recommended to optimize the computational burden for DR in future smart grid

Dynamic Price-Based Demand Response through Linear Regression for Microgrids with Renewable Energy Resources

The green innovations in the energy sector are smart solutions to meet the excessive power requirements through renewable energy resources (RERs). These resources have forwarded the revolutionary relief in control of carbon dioxide gaseous emissions from traditional energy resources. The use of RERs in a heuristic manner is necessary to meet the demand side management in microgrids (MGs). The pricing scheme limitations hinder the profit maximization of MG and their customers. In addition, recent pricing schemes lack mechanistic underpinning. Therefore, a dynamic electricity pricing scheme through linear regression is designed for RERs to maximize the profit of load customers (changeable and unchangeable) in MG. The demand response optimization problem is solved through the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed dynamic electricity pricing scheme is evaluated under two different scenarios. The simulation results verified that the proposed dynamic electricity pricing scheme sustained the profit margins and comforts for changeable and unchangeable load customers as compared to fixed electricity pricing schemes in both scenarios. Hence, the proposed dynamic electricity pricing scheme can readily be used for real microgrids (MGs) to grasp the goal for cleaner energy production

A Survey on “Energy Efficient Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks Focusing On Hierarchical Network Routing Protocols”

Abstract- Wireless Sensor Networks have an extensive range of applications but they are conquered with many challenging problems and complications that need to be addressed. The energy consumption of the nodes and the extension of the network lifetime are the core challenges and the most significant features of the routing protocol in order to make it suitable, effective and efficient for WSNs. As the sensor nodes are basically battery powered devices, so the top concern is always to how to reduce the energy utilization to extend its lifetime. In the past few years WSNs has gained a considerable amount of attention from both the research community and the real users. The researchers also proposed many different energy efficient routing protocols to achieve the desired network operations. In this paper there is an attempt to give a wide comparison of the routing protocols in WSNs focusing on the hierarchical or clustering based routing protocols. Moreover, extracting the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol, providing a comparison among them, including some metrics like scalability, mobility, power usage, robustness etc. to make it understandable and simple to select the most suitable one as per the requirement of the network

Driver’s Face Pose Estimation Using Fine-Grained Wi-Fi Signals for Next-Generation Internet of Vehicles

Driver’s behavior and gesture recognition are most significant in the emerging next-generation vehicular technology. Driver’s face may provide important cues about his/her attention and fatigue behavior. Therefore, driver’s face pose is one of the key indicators to be considered for automatic driver monitoring system in next-generation Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology. Driver behavior monitoring is most significant in order to reduce road accidents. This paper aims to address the problem of driver’s attentiveness monitoring using face pose estimation in a nonintrusive manner. The proposed system is based on wireless sensing, leveraging channel state information (CSI) of WiFi signals. In this paper, we present a novel classification algorithm that is based on the combination of support vector machine (SVM) and K nearest neighbor (KNN) to enhance the classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed device-free wireless implementation can localize a driver’s face very accurately with an average recognition rate of 91:8%

A Survey on Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm

Current internet is incompetent and inept for the current trends of communication. The architecture of current internet was drafted almost 40 years ago and it is unable to cop up the problems aroused in context of security, mobility, robustness, congested traffic and vice versa of this millennium. In this paper, publish–subscribe internet routing paradigm (PSIRP) a reengineered architecture of internet is comprehensively studied, which will resolve many of the problems faced by the internet today. Keeping in view the importance of information/data, the reengineered architecture of PSIRP proffers the information–centric communication instead of host–centric communication, in response to which many of the problems of current internet will be resolved automatically. As major portion of internet is publish/subscribe in nature so PSIRP can provide a flexible, efficient and powerful architecture for future internet network design.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ij-ict.v2i3.356

DESIGNING AND SIMULATING THE OFDM TRANSCEIVER

The glittering progress and usage of Wireless Communication in the past few years upraise some core challenges and problems which need to be conquered. Providing the higher data rates to confront the user demands, forced the researchers to develop new methods and techniques to fulfill the demand of high capacity wireless system. In this regard the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) promises a much improved and higher data rates (up to 100 Mbps). It also have a strong capability of taking over other technologies for the enhancements in mobile and wireless technology for the 4th generation (4G) systems. In this paper we attempt to design and simulate the OFDM transceiver using MATLAB. The three simulations with different conditions are enlightened and performed which includes the simple transceiver simulation, simulation considering the channel effects (AWGN channel) and lastly the simulation including coding, interleaving and pilot insertion to reduce channel effects (AWGN channel). Bit Error Rate (BER) is found in these simulations and special measures are taken to reduce BER due to channel effects. The simulation results shows that OFDM is more appropriate and is capable for the high frequency Wireless systems and is more robust to noise, channel effects and interference

Accurate Theoretical Models for Frequency Diverse Array Based Wireless Power Transmission

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a well-known problem, and has received wide attention in the next generation industrial applications and consumer electronics. On the other hand, frequency diverse array (FDA) is a new concept with the ability to generate a range-angle dependent beampattern. Therefore, some researchers are engaged in designing WPT systems based on the FDA framework (FDA-WPT) instead of phased arrays. Unlike phased arrays, the FDA beampattern is time-variant. Therefore, existing beam collection efficiency models based on the phased array are not suitable for the FDA-WPT system. More importantly, the time-variant property of FDAs is usually ignored in the literature, and the system configuration of the target area where the power-harvesting end is located does not conform to the actual WPT scenario. In this paper, we derive and present accurate models of the FDA-WPT system. The power transfer performance of the corrected FDA-WPT system is then compared with the phased array based WPT system. Simulation results demonstrate that time-variant consideration in the FDA-WPT model causes difficulty in controlling the main beam direction to focus the power. The accurate FDA-WPT is theoretically investigated, and numerical simulations are implemented to validate the theoretical analysis

Accurate Theoretical Models for Frequency Diverse Array Based Wireless Power Transmission

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a well-known problem, and has received wide attention in the next generation industrial applications and consumer electronics. On the other hand, frequency diverse array (FDA) is a new concept with the ability to generate a range-angle dependent beampattern. Therefore, some researchers are engaged in designing WPT systems based on the FDA framework (FDA-WPT) instead of phased arrays. Unlike phased arrays, the FDA beampattern is time-variant. Therefore, existing beam collection efficiency models based on the phased array are not suitable for the FDA-WPT system. More importantly, the time-variant property of FDAs is usually ignored in the literature, and the system configuration of the target area where the power-harvesting end is located does not conform to the actual WPT scenario. In this paper, we derive and present accurate models of the FDA-WPT system. The power transfer performance of the corrected FDA-WPT system is then compared with the phased array based WPT system. Simulation results demonstrate that time-variant consideration in the FDA-WPT model causes difficulty in controlling the main beam direction to focus the power. The accurate FDA-WPT is theoretically investigated, and numerical simulations are implemented to validate the theoretical analysis