Adjustment Capacity of Korean Farm Household

Structural adjustment is defined as the farm household’s behavior of changing its existing farm asset distribution toward more specialized or diversified directions. Farm households are classified into agricultural or non-agricultural based ones. Estimated expected income through switching regression model reveals that higher revenue is expected when adjustment paths toward more specialization and more non-agricultural based activities are chosen.trade policy reform, structural adjustment, expected income, switching regression model, farm household, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Q100, Q180,

Is PCNA unloading the central function of the Elg1/ATAD5 replication factor C-like complex?

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Function of Gata-2 in thymic epithelial cells : a transcription factor identified from gene expression analysis of endodermal cells committed to thymic epithelial cell fate

The thymus structure composes of clear morphological regions. The T-cell precursors enter the thymus in the cortico-medullary junction and migrate through the cortex towards the sub capsular region and back through to the cortex into the medulla. During this migration process the thymic epithelial cells provide the microenvironment for the maturation and selection of the majority of the peripheral T-cells. The thymic epithelial cells have their origin in the endodermal cells of the ventral aspect of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch while endodermal cells of the dorsal aspect of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to the parathyroid glands. For a better understanding of genes which might be involved in determination of endodermal cells to the thymic epithelial cell fate, the gene expression profile of the ventral aspect of 3rd pharyngeal pouch was compared to the dorsal aspect of 3rd pharyngeal pouch using microarrays. The analysis revealed 69 genes which were up regulated in the ventral aspect of 3rd pharyngeal pouch. Eleven genes with the largest differential expression values were further assessed (Gata-2, dll-1, C1qdc2, Samd5, Msx2, Msx1, Ehox, Tgfbi, Unc5c, FoxG1, 1110006E14Rik) using RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. The genes dll-1, Tgfbi, Msx1 and Msx2 are involved in the Notch, Tgf? and Bmp pathways, respectively. All these pathways are associated with thymus development. The role of the genes Ehox, Gata-2, C1qdc2, Samd5 and Unc5c in thymus development is so far undefined. Gata-2, a transcription factor, known to be involved in hematopoiesis, was the only gene of which its expression was detected by gene chip data, RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. These results identified Gata-2 as a novel candidate that might be involved in the thymic epithelial cell development. To characterize the function of Gata-2 in thymus development, Gata-2 was specifically deleted in thymic epithelial cells using Foxn1-Cre. The thymi of 3, 6, 13, and 25 weeks old mice were removed and detailed studies were performed. FACS analysis of these thymi revealed an increased thymus cellularity in DN1-DN4, CD4, and CD8 in 6 weeks old thymi and onwards. The thymus architecture which was analyzed by H&E and immunohistochemistry (UEA-1, CK8, CK18, ERTR7) was unaffected when Gata-2 was deleted in TECs. The assessment of TEC population of Gata-2 KO mice did not show any difference. But the gene expression analysis of Gata-2 deficient TECs for the genes c-Jun, CXCL-12, CCL-25, IL-7, c-Fos, c-kit ligand, Edn-1, Edn-Ra, und Edn-Rb showed that CXCL-12 and c-kit ligand were higher expressed. CXCL-12 is involved in homing of T-cell precursors while c-kit L is involved in survival and proliferation of T-cell precursors. 7 In conclusion, Gata-2 might negatively regulate the transcription of CXCL-12 and c-kit ligand. A lack of Gata-2 expression in thymic epithelial cells, therefore, might lead to an increased T-cell precursor attraction and survival/proliferation, thus, explaining the higher cellularity observed in thymus of Gata-2 deficient mice

The relationship between employee tone of voice and customer attitudes

As a concierge supervisor at a five-star hotel in South Korea, I was exposed to a concept from my superiors that a higher employee\u27s tone of voice may increase customer attitudes. In the United States, tone of voice training was also found at a pizza pub, located in Illinois. The study identifies the causal relationship between the tone of voice and customer satisfaction, by an experiment method. By manipulating tone of voice and analyzing resulting customer attitudes reveals the relationship between the two variables; In this study, the result is contrary to the reasoning that derived from the observed industry practices. I found that participants were more receptive to the medium and low voice tone introductions. These findings show that there is a relationship between tone of voice and customer attitudes, but the significance was lower than I expected earlier. The finding does not lend empirical support to the traditional industry assumptions that the \u27positive\u27 tone of voice would be a high-pitched tone and the high-pitched tone will lead higher satisfaction. Instead, the experiment results show a \u27positive\u27 tone of voice is not necessarily \u27high-pitched\u27 tone, and it implies there might be some limitation to which an employee can raise their pitch

The rhetorical approach to 1 Thessalonians in light of funeral oration

The present dissertation is a study of the rhetorical approach to 1 Thessalonians, particularly funeral oration. Though many scholars have interpreted 1 Thessalonians in light of thematic perspective, mirror reading, and epistolary approach, this dissertation asserts that Paul employs elements of epideictic funerary oratory to persuade his audience in writing 1 Thessalonians. Moreover, the dissertation shows that Paul’s use of funerary language with some twists in meaning and purpose illustrates that Paul employs topoi and the purpose of funeral oration in 1 Thessalonians. Encountering the growing persecution, sufferings, and even death of members, the believers of Thessalonica needed encouragement and Paul as a rhetorical strategist needed rhetorical strategies to answer these problems, that is, Greco-Roman funeral oration. The dissertation includes various components to support the thesis: the history of interpretation; the philosophy and theology of death; extant funeral oratory in Athens, Romans, and Jewish orations; funeral orations in rhetorical handbooks; and the comparison and parallel between 1 Thessalonians and funeral oration. The goal is to prove the fact that Paul employs elements of funeral oratory to persuade his audience in writing 1 Thessalonians. Consequently, the dissertation proves it by showing how funeral orations shed light on the whole of 1 Thessalonians in the exordium (1:2-3), the narratio (1:4-3:10), the consolation and exhortation (4:1-5:15), and peroratio with prayer (5:16-28).https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1558/thumbnail.jp