Possible transmission of HIV Infection due to human bite

The potential risk of HIV-1 infection following human bite although epidemiologically insignificant, but it is biologically possible. There are anecdotal reports of HIV transmission by human bites particularly if saliva is mixed with blood. The oral tissues support HIV replication and may serve as a previously unrecognized HIV reservoir. The HIV infected individuals have more viruses in blood than saliva, possibly due to the potent HIV-inhibitory properties of saliva. The case presented here is of a primary HIV infections following a human bite where in the saliva was not blood stained but it got smeared on a raw nail bed of a recipient. The blood and saliva of the source and blood of the recipient showed a detectable viral load with 91% sequence homology of C2-V3 region of HIV gp120 between the two individuals. The recipient did not receive PEP [post exposure prophylaxis] as his family physician was unaware of salivary transmission. The family physician should have taken PEP decision after proper evaluation of the severe and bleeding bite. Hence it is necessary to treat the HIV infected human bites with post exposure prophylaxis

Detection of katG Ser315Thr substitution in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected patients using PCR -RFLP method for screening Isoniazid-Resistance

Currently mycobacterium tuberculosis is major health issue to the Indian population as well as global. According to WHO around 8 million cases of Tuberculosis occur each year, which resulting in approximately 3 million deaths and the situation is more complicated due to emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. It is the leading cause of death worldwide and results from a single infectious agent, ranking over HIV/AIDS.</p