Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in an adult female

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the female genital tract is an uncommon malignancy, presenting mainly in the pediatric and adolescent populations, primarily affecting the first two decades of life. This malignancy presentation in adulthood is rare and is seldom seen. The incidence of this tumor affecting adult females is approximately 0.4 - 1%, with the common site being the vagina. This tumor infrequently involves the cervix. RMS has a poor survival rate and once diagnosed, it requires aggressive management by radical surgery accompanied by chemoradiation. We present a case of an anaplastic variant of embryonal RMS of the uterine cervix presenting as a cervical polyp in a 36-year-old female who complained of dyspareunia and post-coital bleeding

Sphenoidal emissary foramen and its clinical consideration

Background:Sphenoidal emissary foramen is a small, variable and an inconstant foramen in middle cranial fossa which is located antero-medial to the foramen ovale. Emissary vein passing through it connects the pterygoid venous plexus with the cavernous sinus which has clinical significance because through an extra-cranial infection may reach to cavernous sinus. Aim of present study was to investigate the incidence and shape of sphenoidal emissary foramen, the number of present on one side and the presence of bony septum in it.Methods: Two hundred and fifty (right 250; left-250) dry Indian adult skulls of unknown age and sex were used for this study. Middle cranial fossa of each skull was macroscopically observed for the presence, absence of sphenoidal emissary foramen. Patency was confirmed by inserting a bristle through each probable foramen and only patent foramen were calculated.Results: We observed that sphenoidal emissary foramen was present in 72 (28.8%) skulls. Unilaterally it was present in 17.6% and bilaterally in 11.2% skulls.Conclusions: Incidence of this foramen is variable and therefore recognition of this anatomical structure is important. Knowledge of their variations will be helpful for neurosurgeons and radiologist.

Clinical Appraisal on Therapeutic Efficacy of Tankana & Sphatika Bhasma With Madhu Pratisarana In Tundikeri

The clinical study was carried out to find out the efficacy of Tankana & Sphatika bhasma with Madhu pratisarana in Tundikeri (Chronic Tonsillitis).The study was an Open Labelled Randomized Comparative study with a pre- and post-test design at the outpatient level of S.V.M. Ayurvedic Medical College & R.P.K Ayurvedic Hospital, Ilkal, Karnatak, India. In accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 patients were treated with Tankana bhasma (Purified borax powder) along with Madhu (honey) pratisarana and Sphatika bhasma (purified potash alum) along with Madhu pratisarana on alternative days for 13 days to Group A and Group B respectively. Each group comprised with 15 patients. After assessment of all data, the result conforms that both the drug Tankana bhasma with Madhu pratisarana and Sphatika bhasma with Madhu pratisarana on Tundikeri have significant result. However, in overall assessment, the efficacy of Tankana bhasma pratisarana is more significant than Sphatika bhasma pratisarana in the management of Tundikeri. Keywords: Tundikeri, Tonsillitis, Tankana, Borax, Sphatika, Alum, Madhu, Pratisaran

Variations of Lung Fissures: A Cadaveric Study

Background: The presence of fissures in the normal lungs enhances uniform expansion and hence facilitates more air intake. Accessory and incomplete fissures of varying depth can be seen in unusual locations of the lung, delimiting abnormal lobes which correspond to the normal bronchopulmonary segments. The knowledge of anatomical variations of lung fissures is essential for clinicians, surgeons, and for radiologist for recognizing various images of related abnormalities because an accessory or anomalous fissure can be mistaken for a lung lesion or an atypical appearance of pleural effusion. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to observe the variations of lung fissures in Indian population. Fifty pairs (right- 50; left- 50) of lungs were used for this study. Each lung was studied carefully for number of fissures whether complete or incomplete or absent. Presences of accessory fissures were noted. Results: We observed complete absence of fissures in two right and left lungs. Accessory fissures were present in 38% right lungs and 32% in left lungs. Conclusion: Incidence of absence of oblique fissure and accessory fissure was greater in our present work when compared our results with other authors. Considering this we feel that more elaborative study should be done on this topic which will throw more light on this

LONG-TERM IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH

SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that initially came to notice in December 2019 is the agent responsible for COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly worldwide and it is presently a potent danger to the world and also to the economy. Patients with COVID-19 are still at risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death. Those patients whose aged more than sixty years with comorbidities, children, and healthcare workers are highly vulnerable to this virus patient shows various symptoms most commonly cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, fatigue, sore throat. The infection could be categorized into three stages: mild infection, the pulmonary stage, and the inflammatory stage. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it has been clear that infection caused due to SARS-Cov-2 might be responsible for the unpredicted long-term health consequences. In addition to this, it has acute respiratory manifestations, adversely SARS-Cov-2 also affects the other organ systems. However, there is limited to the management of COVID-19 related conditions of the extrapulmonary systems. After recovery, patients remain at risk for lung disease, heart disease, and mental ailment. There may be long-term consequences of adverse effects they observed in the course of COVID-19 and during its treatment. This review provided information about the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may impair the urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. Also, the main purpose of this article is to describe the current concern of the extra pulmonary complications that were caused due to COVID-19 and also to improve the management and diagnosis of these patients

Virgin Coconut Oil Solubilised Curcumin Protects Nephropathy in Diabetic Rats

Nephropathy is considered as one of the major secondary complications in diabetic patients. The goal of the current study was to perform preclinical screening of virgin coconut oil (VCO) solubilised curcumin in diabetes-induced nephropathy. Male albino rats of the Wistar strain were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg/i.p). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was developed after 4 weeks of STZ injection and the treatment was continued for further 4 weeks (i.e 8 weeks). DN rats were treated with VCO (8ml), VCO solubilised curcumin at a low dose (0.66mg/4ml/kg) and high dose (1.32mh/8ml/kg). DN was assessed by evaluating biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, and total bilirubin from serum and urine sample, whereas the activity of endogenous antioxidant and membrane- bound phosphatases were studied from kidney homogenate. VCO-solubilised curcumin significantly reduced blood and urine glucose level, increased body weight and reduced kidney weight and kidney hypertrophy. It also normalized urine volume, albumin, creatinine, total protein, total bilirubin and urea levels. Treatment also significantly improved antioxidants and membrane-bound phosphatase activities. In conclusion, compared to the individual treatment group, VCO solubilized curcumin significantly modifies the altered parameters toward normal. The potent antioxidant activity of these substances may be to blame for this defense. Keywords: Virgin coconut oil, curcumin, diabetes, nephropathy, antioxidant

AstroPix: novel monolithic active pixel silicon sensors for future gamma-ray telescopes

Space-based gamma-ray telescopes such as the Fermi Large Area Telescope have used single sided silicon strip detectors to track secondary charged particles produced by primary gamma-rays with high resolution. At the lower energies targeted by keV-MeV telescopes, two dimensional position information within a single detector is required for event reconstruction - especially in the Compton regime. This work describes the development of monolithic CMOS active pixel silicon sensors - AstroPix - as a novel technology for use in future gamma-ray telescopes. Based upon sensors (ATLASPix) designed for use in the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, AstroPix has the potential to maintain high performance while reducing noise with low power consumption. This is achieved with the dual detection and readout capabilities in each CMOS pixel. The status of AstroPix development and testing, as well as outlook for future testing and application, will be presented

AstroPix: CMOS pixels in space

Space-based gamma-ray telescopes such as the Fermi Large Area Telescope have used single sided silicon strip detectors to measure the position of charged particles produced by incident gamma rays with high resolution. At energies in the Compton regime and below, two dimensional position information within a single detector is required. Double sided silicon strip detectors are one option; however, this technology is difficult to fabricate and large arrays are susceptible to noise. This work outlines the development and implementation of monolithic CMOS active pixel silicon sensors, AstroPix, for use in future gamma-ray telescopes. Based upon detectors designed using the HVCMOS process at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, AstroPix has the potential to maintain the high energy and angular resolution required of a medium-energy gamma- ray telescope while reducing noise with the dual detection-and-readout capabilities of a CMOS chip. The status of AstroPix development and testing as well as outlook for application in future telescopes is presented