Human FOXN1-Deficiency Is Associated with αβ Double-Negative and FoxP3+ T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

Forkhead box N1 (FOXN1) is a transcription factor crucial for thymic epithelium development and prevention of its involution. Investigation of a patient with a rare homozygous FOXN1 mutation (R255X), leading to alopecia universalis and thymus aplasia, unexpectedly revealed non-maternal circulating T-cells, and, strikingly, large numbers of aberrant double-negative αβ T-cells (CD4negCD8neg, DN) and regulatory-like T-cells. These data raise the possibility that a thymic rudiment persisted, allowing T-cell development, albeit with disturbances in positive/negative selection, as suggested by DN and FoxP3+ cell expansions. Although regulatory-like T-cell numbers normalized following HLA-mismatched thymic transplantation, the αβDN subset persisted 5 years post-transplantation. Involution of thymus allograft likely occurred 3 years post-transplantation based on sj/βTREC ratio, which estimates intrathymic precursor T-cell divisions and, consequently, thymic explant output. Nevertheless, functional immune-competence was sustained, providing new insights for the design of immunological reconstitution strategies based on thymic transplantation, with potential applications in other clinical settings

Vers un système de gestion de l’environnement à l’intention des opérateurs pétroliers

A map showing the sensitivity of the Mahakam delta has been enabled by a GIS. This system will make it possible for oil companies to take environmental constraints into account when planning their exploration and production activities.Un SIG a permis de réaliser une carte de sensibilité du delta de la Mahakam. Ce système permet aux opérateurs pétroliers de planifier leur activité d’exploration et de production en tenant compte des contraintes environnementales.Un SIG ha permitido realizar un mapa de sensibilidad del delta del Mahakam. Este sistema permite a las companías petroleras planificar sus actividades de exploración y producción incluyendo los problemas de protección del medio ambiente.Denis Jacques, Dutrieux Eric. Vers un système de gestion de l’environnement à l’intention des opérateurs pétroliers. In: Mappemonde, 1993/4. Facettes de SIG. pp. 4-5

Modification de l'homéostasie lymphocytaire T lors de l'infection aiguë par SIVmac251 chez le macaque rhésus (implication des interférons de type 1)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Vers un système de gestion de l'environnement à l'intention des opérateurs pétroliers

Un SIG a permis de réaliser une carte de sensibilité du delta de la Mahakam. Ce système permet aux opérateurs pétroliers de planifier leur activité d’exploration et de production en tenant compte des contraintes environnementales

Thyroid cancer: is the incidence rise abating?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence rates and to analyze histopathological characteristics and geographical distribution. METHODS: Histologically proven 5367 cases were collected over the period 1998-2006 in France from the Rhône-Alpes thyroid cancer registry. Geographical variations of incidence were analyzed using a mixed Poisson model. RESULTS: The average incidence rates, age standardized to the world population, were 3.9/100,000 in men and 12.3/100,000 in women, higher than those previously reported in France. After an initial increase during the first 3 years, a steady level of incidence was observed for the period 2001-2006. The annual incidence rate of microcarcinomas was correlated with that of all cancers in men and women (r=0.78 and 0.89; P<0.01) respectively. Papillary microcarcinomas represented 38% of tumors and two-thirds of them measured less than 5 mm in diameter. They were fortuitously discovered after thyroidectomy for benign diseases in 64% of cases. Histological marks of aggressiveness differed according to the size of the tumor. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, 13% of tumors were diagnosed at advanced stage especially in men. Geographical distribution of incidence based on subregional administrative entities showed lower incidence rates in rural than in urban zones in men (relative rate: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62-0.84) and women (relative rate: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73-0.93). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the rise in thyroid cancer incidence is now abating. It could reflect standardization in diagnostic procedures. Further studies, performed on a more prolonged period, are necessary to confirm these data

Updated Taxonomy of Pectobacterium Genus in the CIRM-CFBP Bacterial Collection: When Newly Described Species Reveal “Old” Endemic Population

International audienceBacterial collections are invaluable tools for microbiologists. However, their practical useis compromised by imprecise taxonomical assignation of bacterial strains. This is particularly truefor soft rotting plant pathogens of the Pectobacterium genus. We analysed the taxonomic status of 265 Pectobacterium strains deposited at CIRM-CFBP collection from 1944 to 2020. This collection gathered Pectobacterium strains isolated in 27 countries from 32 plant species representing 17 botanical families or from nonhost environments. The MLSA approach completed by genomic analysis of 15 strains was performed to update the taxonomic status of these 265 strains. The results showed that the CIRM-CFBP Pectobacterium collection harboured at least one strain of each species, with the exception of P. polonicum. Yet, seven strains could not be assigned to any of the described species and may represent at least two new species. Surprisingly, P. versatile, recently described in 2019, is the most prevalent species among CIRM-CFBP strains. An analysis of P. versatile strains revealed that this species is pandemic and isolated from various host plants and environments. At the opposite, other species gathered strains isolated from only one botanical family or exclusively from a freshwater environment. Our work also revealed new host plants for several Pectobacterium spp

PML/TRIM19-Dependent Inhibition of Retroviral Reverse-Transcription by Daxx

Jacques Dutrieux and Ghizlane Maarifi contributed equally to this work.International audiencePML (Promyelocytic Leukemia protein), also known as TRIM19, belongs to the family of tri-partite motif (TRIM) proteins. PML is mainly expressed in the nucleus, where it forms dynamic structures known as PML nuclear bodies that recruit many other proteins, such as Sp100 and Daxx. While the role of PML/TRIM19 in antiviral defense is well documented, its effect on HIV-1 infection remains unclear. Here we show that infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses triggers the formation of PML cytoplasmic bodies, as early as 30 minutes post-infection. Quantification of the number and size of PML cytoplasmic bodies revealed that they last approximately 8 h, with a peak at 2 h post-infection. PML re-localization is blocked by reverse-transcription inhibitors and is not observed following infection with unrelated viruses, suggesting it is specifically triggered by retroviral reverse-transcription. Furthermore , we show that PML interferes with an early step of retroviral infection since PML knockdown dramatically increases reverse-transcription efficiency. We demonstrate that PML does not inhibit directly retroviral infection but acts through the stabilization of one of its well-characterized partners, Daxx. In the presence of PML, cytoplasmic Daxx is found in the vicinity of incoming HIV-1 capsids and inhibits reverse-transcription. Interestingly, Daxx not only interferes with exogenous retroviral infections but can also inhibit retrotransposition of endogenous retroviruses, thus identifying Daxx as a broad cellular inhibitor of reverse-transcription. Altogether, these findings unravel a novel antiviral function for PML and PML nuclear body-associated protein Daxx

Implication des corps nucléaires PML dans l’immunité intrinsèque et innée

PML (promyelocytic leukemia), appelée aussi TRIM19 (tripartite motif protein 19), est une protéine impliquée dans l’organisation des corps nucléaires PML (CN PML). Ces structures multiprotéiques sont associées à la matrice nucléaire ; elles recrutent un grand nombre de protéines et sont impliquées dans divers processus cellulaires, dont la défense antivirale. La conjugaison de PML à SUMO (small ubiquitin modifier) est requise pour la formation et la fonction des CN PML. Plusieurs isoformes de PML sont exprimées à partir d’un gène unique ; toutes possèdent une région carboxy-terminale spécifique, qui leur permet d’interagir avec des partenaires différents et leur confère ainsi des fonctions propres. Certaines sont douées d’une activité antivirale, permettant à PML de jouer un rôle clé dans l’immunité antivirale intrinsèque. PML est aussi un important régulateur de la réponse interféron déclenchée lors d’une infection virale. Dans cette revue, nous discutons l’implication des isoformes de PML dans la réponse interféron et la défense antivirale, à l’interface des immunités intrinsèque et innée