Unemployment Insurance: Case Studies and Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean

This study examines unemployment insurance(UI) for its potential application and implications for Latin American and the Caribbean economies. It surveys current experience with unemployment insurance programs through case studies and draws lessons learned in particular for the Latin American and the Caribbean region.

Servicios de intermediación laboral: enseñanzas para América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografí

Metformin Prevents Nigrostriatal Dopamine Degeneration Independent of AMPK Activation in Dopamine Neurons

Metformin is a widely prescribed drug used to treat type-2 diabetes, although recent studies show it has wide ranging effects to treat other diseases. Animal and retrospective human studies indicate that Metformin treatment is neuroprotective in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), although the neuroprotective mechanism is unknown, numerous studies suggest the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis may be through AMPK activation. In this study we tested whether or not AMPK activation in dopamine neurons was required for the neuroprotective effects of Metformin in PD. We generated transgenic mice in which AMPK activity in dopamine neurons was ablated by removing AMPK beta 1 and beta 2 subunits from dopamine transporter expressing neurons. These AMPK WT and KO mice were then chronically exposed to Metformin in the drinking water then exposed to MPTP, the mouse model of PD. Chronic Metformin treatment significantly attenuated the MPTP-induced loss of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) neuronal number and volume and TH protein concentration in the nigrostriatal pathway. Additionally, Metformin treatment prevented the MPTP-induced elevation of the DOPAC:DA ratio regardless of genotype. Metformin also prevented MPTP induced gliosis in the Substantia Nigra. These neuroprotective actions were independent of genotype and occurred in both AMPK WT and AMPK KO mice. Overall, our studies suggest that Metformin’s neuroprotective effects are not due to AMPK activation in dopaminergic neurons and that more research is required to determine how metformin acts to restrict the development of PD

Unemployment Insurance: Case Studies and Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean

This study examines unemployment insurance (UI) for its potential application and implications for Latin American and the Caribbean economies. It surveys current experience with unemployment insurance programs through case studies and draws lessons learned in particular for the Latin American and the Caribbean region

Labor Intermediation Services: Considerations and Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean from International Experience

Latin America and the Caribbean have experience, albeit limited, in the reform and reformulation of labor intermediation systems. This article seeks to bring together both experience in the region and within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries to investigate how such systems might be relevant to Latin American and Caribbean economies. The article first reviews what is the more modern concept of labor intermediation, outlining its various services. It then analyzes OECD and Latin American experience with reform and modernization of intermediation systems with an eye to recommendations and adaptations particularly relevant to economies in the region.

Labour intermediation services: lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliograph

Labor Intermediation Services: A Review for Latin America and Caribbean Countries

Labor intermediation services are used to improve the connection between job seeker and job. They aim not only to get job seekers more quickly into new jobs but also to make a better quality match, getting the more appropriate worker into the right job. Done well, labor intermediation helps reduce short-term unemployment, reduce job rotation, reduce the cost of new hires, improve productivity and firm growth, and importantly, reduce job discrimination. For many years, labor intermediation services were embodied in a single national public employment service that varied in quality and investment. Today, we find a range of public and private intermediation services and a wider range of products and services, including those to link workers to training, self-employment, and social services. This policy brief first examines the characteristics of labor intermediation services, then reviews key reform efforts in developed and Latin America and Caribbean economies, and lays out the principal institutional models or public/private configurations that can be found in these countries. It concludes by providing a series of recommendations and considerations for Latin American and Caribbean countries seeking to reinvigorate or reform labor intermediation services. In particular, the policy brief offers some key considerations for adapting labor intermediation services to the realities of Latin American and Caribbean economies.

Servicios de intermediación laboral: Un análisis para los países de América Latina y el Caribe

Este informe de política examina primero las características de los servicios de intermediación laboral y luego las principales actividades de reforma en las economías desarrolladas y de los países de América Latina y el Caribe y esboza los principales modelos institucionales o configuraciones de servicios públicos y privados que pueden encontrarse en esos países. El informe termina con una serie de recomendaciones y consideraciones referentes a los países de América Latina y el Caribe con las que se busca revigorizar o reformar los servicios de intermediación laboral. En particular, aquí se ofrecen algunas consideraciones clave para adaptar los servicios de intermediación laboral a la realidad de las economías de América Latina y el Caribe.