The Status of Women Economists in the U.S. — and the World

This paper gives an overview of the current (and recent past) status of women economists in the United States and describes what American economists have done to promote gender equality in the economics profession. Initiatives include in large part what the American Economic Association, through its Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession has done. It also discusses the creation and subsequent activities of the International Association for Feminist Economics and the activities of several other groups and committees recently formed in other parts of the world. It closes by considering what needs to be done worldwide to improve the status and increase the participation of women in the economics profession.academic labor markets, economics profession, women in economics

Do Women and Non-economists Add Diversity to Research in Industrial Relations and Labor Economics?

We examine whether interdisciplinary collaboration and the gender diversity of a profession affect scholarly research practices. Our analysis of four industrial relations and labor economics journals shows that decisions to exclude women and minorities, and to use gender or race as explanatory variables, are influenced by authors' gender and disciplinary training. Woman authors are less likely to exclude women from their sample, and non-economists are less likely to exclude women and minorities. While noneconomists are generally less likely to model gender and race explicitly in their empirical work, their statistical methods become more elaborate when they collaborate with economists.Economics Journals; Economics; Economists; Gender; Journals; Labor Economics; Minorities; Women

Affirmative Action in America: Procedures and Outcomes

Paper Prepared for the International Conference for Promoting Equal Employment Opportunity for Women. April 23, 2008

Unbiased sampling of globular lattice proteins in three dimensions

We present a Monte Carlo method that allows efficient and unbiased sampling of Hamiltonian walks on a cubic lattice. Such walks are self-avoiding and visit each lattice site exactly once. They are often used as simple models of globular proteins, upon adding suitable local interactions. Our algorithm can easily be equipped with such interactions, but we study here mainly the flexible homopolymer case where each conformation is generated with uniform probability. We argue that the algorithm is ergodic and has dynamical exponent z=0. We then use it to study polymers of size up to 64^3 = 262144 monomers. Results are presented for the effective interaction between end points, and the interaction with the boundaries of the system

Updating the phase diagram of the archetypal frustrated magnet Gd3Ga5O12

The applied magnetic field and temperature phase diagram of the archetypal frustrated magnet, Gd3Ga5O12, has been reinvestigated using single crystal magnetometry and polarised neutron diffraction. The updated phase diagram is substantially more complicated than previously reported and can be understood in terms of competing interactions with loops of spins, trimers and decagons, in addition to competition and interplay between antiferromagnetic, incommensurate and ferromagnetic order. Several additional distinct phase boundaries are presented. The phase diagram centers around a multiphase convergence to a single point at 0.9 T and ~ 0.35 K, below which, in temperature, a very narrow magnetically disordered region exists. These data illustrate the richness and diversity that arises from frustrated exchange on the 3 dimensional hyperkagome lattice

Revisiting The Bell Curve Debate Regarding the Effects of Cognitive Ability on Wages

In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray (1994) claim, based on evidence from cross-sectional regressions, that differences in wages in the U.S. labor market are predominantly explained by general intelligence. Cawley, Heckman, and Vytlacil (1999), using evidence from random effects panel regressions, reject this claim, in part because returns to general intelligence vary by racial and gender subgroups in their results. In this article, we examine the regression methods used by both sides of the debate and conclude that neither is the appropriate method to analyze the NLSY data that both use. We introduce the Hausman-Taylor estimator to obtain consistent estimated coefficients on the time-invariant general intelligence-related variables and also extend the analysis up through 2002. While many additional socio-economic factors are important explanatory variables in determining the wage rate, the effect of general intelligence on wages is larger in the Hausman-Taylor specification for the 1979-1994 panel than in either the cross-sectional or random effects models, though it becomes statistically insignificant for the 1994-2002 panel. The Hausman-Taylor analysis also indicates no significantly different returns to intelligence by race or gender group.wages, cognitive ability, education

Earnings Inequality Within and Across Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Groups in Latin America

Latin American countries are generally characterized as displaying high income and earnings inequality overall along with high inequality by gender, race, and ethnicity. However, the latter phenomenon is not a major contributor to the former phenomenon. Using household survey data from four Latin American countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, and Guyana), we demonstrate (using Theil index decompositions as well as Gini indices, and 90/10 and 50/10 percentile comparisons) that within-group inequality rather than betweengroup inequality is the main contributor to overall inequality. Mlti-stage simulations in which the relatively disadvantaged gender and/or racial/ethnic group is treated more and more as if it were the relatively advantaged group tend to reduce overall inequality measures only slightly and in some cases have the effect of increasing inequality measures.earnings inequality, income inequality, gender, race, and ethnicity differences

Earnings inequality within and across gender, racial, and ethnic groups in four Latin American Countries

Latin American countries are generally characterized as displaying highincome and earnings inequality overall along with high inequality by gender, race, and ethnicity. However, the latter phenomenon is not a major contributor to the former phenomenon. Using household survey data from four Latin American countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, and Guyana) for which stratification by race or ethnicity is possible, this paper demonstrates (using Theil index decompositions as well as Gini indices, and 90/10 and 50/10 percentile comparisons) that within-group earnings inequality rather than between-group earnings inequality is the main contributor to overall earnings inequality. Simulations in which the relatively disadvantaged gender and/or racial/ethnic group is treated as if it were the relatively advantaged group tend to reduce overall earnings inequality measures only slightly and in some cases have the effect of increasing earnings inequality measures.Access to Finance,,Gender and Development,Inequality,Gender and Law