Loyalt\u27s Reward - A Felony Conviction: Recent Prosecutions of High-Status Female Offenders

This Article analyzes white-collar female crime and compares several high profile cases to those of regular female offenders. It uses government statistical data on female crime to paint a portrait of the female offender. It then compares the prosecution of street-level and white-collar female offenders. The Article discusses the prosecutions of Martha Stewart, Betty, Vinson, and Lea Fastow. The Article argues that these women often share a similar trait of committing the crime out of loyalty to a man engaged in wrong-doing

The Impact of Leadership Development and Psychological Capital on Burnout and Turnover

Organizations should strive to function at the highest level possible. One way to create high functioning is to ensure the wellbeing of employees. Middle managers in healthcare directly influence organizational success, yet administrators overlook the wellbeing of this employee group. A literature review revealed a significant gap among the leadership development (LD) of those managers, which fostered burnout. Psychological capital (PsyCap) was a critical element of wellbeing, though the subsequent influence on burnout and turnover was unknown. A qualitative, single-case study occurred to determine the wellbeing of middle managers at a specified hospital in the Mid-West United States., specifically related to the development of burnout and turnover intention. The researcher utilized three data collection methods, with the primary method being interviews of 19 new middle managers from the study location. Five data themes were identified: burnout, turnover, leadership development, psychological capital, and LD combined with PsyCap. Compared to an extensive literature review and anticipated themes, a significant finding was that individuals with positive self-efficacy expressed higher burnout incidents, followed by resiliency when compared to other PsyCap elements. This outcome was contrary to the limited existing literature; additional research is necessary. As a whole, though, PsyCap positively appeared to decrease burnout and turnover intention. The other significant finding of this study was that the combination of LD and PsyCap appeared to have a compounding effect of decreasing burnout and turnover. Such a combination had not been previously studied, resulting in a unique contribution to the body of knowledge

Moving into Adulthood: Implementation Findings from the Youth Villages Transitional Living Evaluation

The Youth Villages Transitional Living program is intended to help youth who were formerly in foster care or juvenile justice custody, or who are otherwise unprepared for adult life, to make the transition to independent living. Youth Villages, which serves emotionally and behaviorally troubled young people, operates a number of programs in addition to Transitional Living.All of its programs are based on a set of core principles that emphasize treatment planning, systematic assessment of participating youth, and delivery of only evidence-informed practices within a highly structured supervisory system. Transitional Living clients receive intensive, individualized, and clinically focused and communnity-based case management, support, and counseling from staff who carry caseloads of about eight clients each. Youth eligibility is determined through an extensive recruitment and assessment process. Once youth are enrolled, Transitional Living staff continue to assess them to identify needs and work with them to develop goals, which become the basis of required weekly meetings. Over nine months, on average, program participants get support for education, housing, mental or physical health, employment, and life skills. This support is provided in a variety of forms, including action-oriented activities that involve completing a specific task during a weekly session or through more traditional counseling techniques.The Transitional Living Evaluation is focused exclusively on the program in Tennessee, although Youth Villages also has Transitional Living programs in six other states

The Violent State: Black Women\u27s Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence

Black women have a very specific history with the state and law enforcement that is not replicated among other women’s communities, and it is that unique situation that is the focus of this Article. Part I of this Article explores the historical roots of Black women’s interaction with the state. Part II of this Article is broken into two sections. The first will cover police killings of Black women. The second part of the section will explore the conditions under which Black women are physically assaulted by the police. Part III of the Article seeks to highlight when the police rape and sexually assault Black women. Part IV begins with police violence within the home. The second section in Part IV will focus on violence that occurs when the police respond to Black women who complain of abuse at the hands of an intimate partner. The plight of Black women who defend themselves from the batterers and are prosecuted for murder will close out Part IV. Part V explains why it matters specifically to Black women that their trauma be acknowledged. Secondly, I explore why mainstream anti-violence groups and other feminists organizations should be concerned about what is happening to Black women specifically. Finally, the Article concludes by highlighting why moving the discussion of violence against Black women from the dusty corners of isolation closer to the center of policy planning, drafting of legislation, and political brainstorming matters to both Black women and to the larger feminist and anti-violence communities

Loyalty\u27s Reward — A Felony Conviction: Recent Prosecutions of High-Status Female Offenders

Between 2001 and 2004, six high-status women were charged with crimes in connection with corporate criminal cases. The public is familiar with some of them, although not all of their cases have been covered equally in the press. With the exception of an occasional article now and then mentioning the exploding rates of female incarceration, women\u27s crime tends to be invisible to the public eye. The statistical data the government collects and analyzes on women and crime will be discussed. This article will focus on the prosecution of the individual cases of Lea Fastow, Betty Vinson, and Martha Stewart. Their cases, and where relevant, their life circumstances, and the issue of whether loyalty played a role in their offending, will be examined and contrasted with the experiences of female offenders who are not of high status. Rapper Lil\u27 Kim\u27s prosecution will highlight the problems of a female offender of color who has high status but whose acts are deemed to be street crimes. The article concludes by suggesting that although the high-status female white-collar offender does not share the personal characteristics of the regular female offender, the two groups of women share a common pathway to crime— loyalty to a man engaged in wrongdoing. Moreover, white-collar female offenders do not differ significantly from many women who are incarcerated for street crimes. Lil\u27 Kim\u27s case offers an example of how strikingly close a street crime offender can be to a white-collar offender

Piercing the Prison Uniform of Invisibility for Black Female Inmates

In Inner Lives: Voices of African American Women In Prison, Professor Paula Johnson has written about the most invisible of incarcerated women — incarcerated African American women. The number of women incarcerated in the United States increased by seventy-five percent between 1986 and 1991. Of these women, a disproportionate number are black women. The percentages vary by region and by the nature of institution (county jail, state prison or federal facility), but the bottom line remains the same. In every instance, black women are incarcerated at rates disproportionate to their percentage in the general population. In Inner Lives, Professor Johnson offers African American incarcerated women an opportunity to push back the veil of invisibility and to claim for themselves the right to control their stories and their own images. The women talk about the strengths they had to have to survive sexual abuse, physical abuse, lack of resources and drug addiction. They speak of the strength required to survive not only incarceration, but the awareness that they harmed their victims, the victims\u27 families, their own family members, and themselves. The stories test the limits of our understanding of individual responsibility on the one hand, and wholesale societal failure to provide a safety net for some of our most vulnerable citizens on the other

Piercing the Prison Uniform of Invisibility for Black Female Inmates

In Inner Lives: Voices of African American Women In Prison, Professor Paula Johnson has written about the most invisible of incarcerated women — incarcerated African American women. The number of women incarcerated in the United States increased by seventy-five percent between 1986 and 1991. Of these women, a disproportionate number are black women. The percentages vary by region and by the nature of institution (county jail, state prison or federal facility), but the bottom line remains the same. In every instance, black women are incarcerated at rates disproportionate to their percentage in the general population. In Inner Lives, Professor Johnson offers African American incarcerated women an opportunity to push back the veil of invisibility and to claim for themselves the right to control their stories and their own images. The women talk about the strengths they had to have to survive sexual abuse, physical abuse, lack of resources and drug addiction. They speak of the strength required to survive not only incarceration, but the awareness that they harmed their victims, the victims\u27 families, their own family members, and themselves. The stories test the limits of our understanding of individual responsibility on the one hand, and wholesale societal failure to provide a safety net for some of our most vulnerable citizens on the other

Full Legal Representation for the Poor: The Clash Between Lawyer Values and Client Worthiness

This article seeks to expand the scope of our understanding of values and their connection to the work of poverty lawyers. The article explores the literature on poverty and moral worthiness. In order to bring clarity to the discussion, it examines social science research on defining values and detailing how they can affect behavior. Prof. Jacobs describes the reactions of clinical students to a classroom exercise, which asked them to describe the legal representation they would provide to hypothetical clients. This article describes how the link between students\u27 values and broader societal beliefs affect the practices of the bar and discusses the proposition that the legal community will continue to see the poor as unworthy of full legal representation until society can envision the poor as part of our moral community. Finally, Prof. Jacobs offers suggestions for fuller studies into whether poverty itself encourages lawyers to temper the quality of representation given to the poor