French Education in Science and the Puzzle of Retardation, 1790-1840

Este ensayo describe los altibajos de la educación científica francesa desde la década de 1780 hasta 1840. Comenzó con el descubrimiento de que en el Departamento del Norte las matemáticas y las ciencias abandonaron el plan de estudios de las universidades después de 1815. La educación pertenece a la historia cultural y en el caso francés tenemos otro ejemplo de un factor cultural que influye en el desarrollo industrial y contribuye al retraso. La clave para comprender esta extraña reacción al aprendizaje científico radica en la reacción católica a la Revolución Francesa.The essay traces the ups and downs of French scientific education from the 1780s to 1840. It began with the discovery that in the Department of the North mathematics and science dropped out of the curriculum of the colleges after 1815. Education belongs to cultural history and in the French case we have another example of a cultural factor playing into industrial development, and contributing to retardation. The key for understanding this rather bizarre reaction to scientific learning lies in the Catholic reaction to the French Revolution.Esse ensaio traça os altos e baixos da educação científica francesa de 1780 até 1840. Começa com a descoberta de que no departamento do norte, matemática e ciência foram descartadas do currículo universitário após 1815. A educação passou a ser papel da História cultural. No caso francês, temos outro exemplo de um fator cultural exercendo papel no desenvolvimento industrial e sua contribuição pra sua desaceleração. A chave para a compreensão desta um tanto bizarra reação ao saber científico está no fato da contrapartida católica frente à revolução francesa.peerReviewe

Treatment Preferences for CAM in Children with Chronic Pain

CAM therapies have become increasingly popular in pediatric populations. Yet, little is known about children's preferences for CAM. This study examined treatment preferences in chronic pediatric pain patients offered a choice of CAM therapies for their pain. Participants were 129 children (94 girls) (mean age = 14.5 years ± 2.4; range = 8–18 years) presenting at a multidisciplinary, tertiary clinic specializing in pediatric chronic pain. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationships between CAM treatment preferences and patient's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as their self-reported level of functioning. Over 60% of patients elected to try at least one CAM approach for pain. The most popular CAM therapies were biofeedback, yoga and hypnosis; the least popular were art therapy and energy healing, with craniosacral, acupuncture and massage being intermediate. Patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia (80%) were the most likely to try CAM versus those with other pain diagnoses. In multivariate analyses, pain duration emerged as a significant predictor of CAM preferences. For mind-based approaches (i.e. hypnosis, biofeedback and art therapy), pain duration and limitations in family activities were both significant predictors. When given a choice of CAM therapies, this sample of children with chronic pain, irrespective of pain diagnosis, preferred non-invasive approaches that enhanced relaxation and increased somatic control. Longer duration of pain and greater impairment in functioning, particularly during family activities increased the likelihood that such patients agreed to engage in CAM treatments, especially those that were categorized as mind-based modalities

The Impact of Community Size, Community Climate, and Victimization on the Physical and Mental Health of SGM Youth

Paceley MS, Fish JN, Thomas MMC, Goffnett J. The Impact of Community Size, Community Climate, and Victimization on the Physical and Mental Health of SGM Youth. Youth & Society. 2020;52(3):427-448. Copyright © 2020, © SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0044118X19856141Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience high rates of victimization leading to health disparities. Community size and community climate are associated with health outcomes among SGM youth; however, we lack studies that include them as covariates alongside victimization to understand their collective impact on health. This study utilized minority stress theory to understand how community context shapes experiences of victimization and health among SGM youth. SGM youth in one Midwestern U.S. state completed an online survey (n = 201) with measures of physical health, mental health, community context, and victimization. Data were analyzed via multiple regression using a path analysis framework. Results indicate that perceived climate was associated with mental, but not physical, health; Community size was unrelated to health outcomes. Victimization mediated the association between community climate and mental health. Findings are discussed in light of current literature and implications for research and practice are shared

Training scholars in dissemination and implementation research for cancer prevention and control: A mentored approach

Abstract Background As the field of D&I (dissemination and implementation) science grows to meet the need for more effective and timely applications of research findings in routine practice, the demand for formalized training programs has increased concurrently. The Mentored Training for Dissemination and Implementation Research in Cancer (MT-DIRC) Program aims to build capacity in the cancer control D&I research workforce, especially among early career researchers. This paper outlines the various components of the program and reports results of systematic evaluations to ascertain its effectiveness. Methods Essential features of the program include selection of early career fellows or more experienced investigators with a focus relevant to cancer control transitioning to a D&I research focus, a 5-day intensive training institute, ongoing peer and senior mentoring, mentored planning and work on a D&I research proposal or project, limited pilot funding, and training and ongoing improvement activities for mentors. The core faculty and staff members of the MT-DIRC program gathered baseline and ongoing evaluation data regarding D&I skill acquisition and mentoring competency through participant surveys and analyzed it by iterative collective reflection. Results A majority (79%) of fellows are female, assistant professors (55%); 59% are in allied health disciplines, and 48% focus on cancer prevention research. Forty-three D&I research competencies were assessed; all improved from baseline to 6 and 18 months. These effects were apparent across beginner, intermediate, and advanced initial D&I competency levels and across the competency domains. Mentoring competency was rated very highly by the fellows––higher than rated by the mentors themselves. The importance of different mentoring activities, as rated by the fellows, was generally congruent with their satisfaction with the activities, with the exception of relatively greater satisfaction with the degree of emotional support and relatively lower satisfaction for skill building and opportunity initially. Conclusions These first years of MT-DIRC demonstrated the program’s ability to attract, engage, and improve fellows’ competencies and skills and implement a multicomponent mentoring program that was well received. This account of the program can serve as a basis for potential replication and evolution of this model in training future D&I science researchers

Treatment Expectations for CAM Interventions in Pediatric Chronic Pain Patients and their Parents

Patient expectations regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions have important implications for treatment adherence, attrition and clinical outcome. Little is known, however, about parent and child treatment expectations regarding CAM approaches for pediatric chronic pain problems. The present study examined ratings of the expected benefits of CAM (i.e. hypnosis, massage, acupuncture, yoga and relaxation) and conventional medicine (i.e. medications, surgery) interventions in 45 children (32 girls; mean age = 13.8 years ± 2.5) and parents (39 mothers) presenting for treatment at a specialty clinic for chronic pediatric pain. Among children, medications and relaxation were expected to be significantly more helpful than the remaining approaches (P < 0.01). However, children expected the three lowest rated interventions, acupuncture, surgery and hypnosis, to be of equal benefit. Results among parents were similar to those found in children but there were fewer significant differences between ratings of the various interventions. Only surgery was expected by parents to be significantly less helpful than the other approaches (P < 0.01). When parent and child perceptions were compared, parents expected hypnosis, acupuncture and yoga, to be more beneficial than did children, whereas children expected surgery to be more helpful than did parents (P < 0.01). Overall, children expected the benefits of CAM to be fairly low with parents' expectations only somewhat more positive. The current findings suggest that educational efforts directed at enhancing treatment expectations regarding CAM, particularly among children with chronic pain, are warranted

Margaret Page Hood Correspondence

Entries include letters typed by Hood and a letter from an editor on Coward-McCann, Inc., stationery, publisher advertisements clipped from newspapers, and a biographical sketch

Pharmacy students’ experience of a novel government-funded experiential learning initiative: a mixed-method study (ACTp Study).

Background: In 2018, the Scottish Government made the Pharmacy Additional Cost of Teaching (ACTp) funding available to support the development of Experiential Learning (EL) in undergraduate pharmacy education. To inform the further expansion of EL in the pharmacy degree evaluation of new EL sites was required. Aim and method: A mixed-methods study was undertaken to determine students' perceptions of four new areas included in an EL pilot: primary care, out-of-hours, specialist sites, and remote and rural. Results: There were 43 survey respondents (response rate 72%). Majority agreed the pilot had developed their clinical (n=28, 74%) and communication skills (n=31, 82%), and prepared them for future practice (n=30, 79%). One third felt the EL did not permit them to interact with patients. Focus group and interview participants were positive about their experience and the opportunity to experience new pharmacy roles in non-traditional settings. Many highlighted the lack of hands-on experience and facilitator feedback. Facilitator training and quality assurance of sites are warranted. Conclusions: Future work should focus on assessment of and feedback for students, and interprofessional opportunities within EL

Peirce Long Correspondence

Entries include typed letters, a biography written by Long\u27s relative, and a publisher advertisement with a photographic image of Long