Isolation of intact and pure chloroplasts from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants acclimated to low irradiance for studies on Rubisco regulation

A protocol is presented for low-cost and fast isolation of intact and pure chloroplasts from leaves of plants acclimated to low irradiance. The protocol is based on a differential centrifugation of cleared leaf homogenate and omits a centrifugation on Percoll gradient step. The intactness and purity of the chloroplasts isolated from leaves of low irradiance-acclimated plants by using this protocol (confirmed by phase contrast microscopy as well as enzymatic and immunological approaches) allows plausible studies on low irradiance-dependent Rubisco regulation

A Most Unusual Zeolite Templating: Cage to Cage Connection of One Guest Molecule

An unusual case of a diquaternary ammonium dication, with large bulky end groups built from the tropane moiety and connected by a C4 methylene chain, is found to reside in zeolite SSZ-35 (STF). The structure of the guest/host product is such that the tropane bicylic entities reside in the shallow cavities of the cages of the STF structure and the C4 methylene chain runs through the 10-ring (~5.5 Å) window that connects the cages. This is a most unusual (and energy-intensive) templating of a zeolite structure with the guest molecule spanning two unit cells. The unusual result was found by single crystal studies with the addition of the use of the SQUEEZE program to show a consistent fit for the guest molecule following from measured electron densities in the crystal structure work. These analyses were followed with MAS NMR studies to confirm the integrity of the diquaternary guest molecule in the host sieve. A few comparative diquaternary guest molecules in MFI zeolite are also studied

Maximum intensity projection of cranial computed tomography data for dental identification

Dental radiographs play the major role in the identification of victims in mass casualties besides DNA. Under circumstances such as those caused by the recent tsunami in Asia, it is nearly impossible to document the entire dentition using conventional x-rays as it would be too time consuming. Multislice computed tomography can be used to scan the dentition of a deceased within minutes, and the postprocessing software allows visualization of the data adapted to every possible antemortem x-ray for identification. We introduce the maximum intensity projection of cranial computed tomography data for the purpose of dental identification exemplarily in a case of a burned corpse. As transportable CT scanners already exist, these could be used to support the disaster victim identification teams in the fiel

Ultra-high-resolution dual-source CT for forensic dental visualization—discrimination of ceramic and composite fillings

Dental identification is the most valuable method to identify human remains in single cases with major postmortem alterations as well as in mass casualties because of its practicability and demanding reliability. Computed tomography (CT) has been investigated as a supportive tool for forensic identification and has proven to be valuable. It can also scan the dentition of a deceased within minutes. In the present study, we investigated currently used restorative materials using ultra-high-resolution dual-source CT and the extended CT scale for the purpose of a color-encoded, in scale, and artifact-free visualization in 3D volume rendering. In 122 human molars, 220 cavities with 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-mm diameter were prepared. With presently used filling materials (different composites, temporary filling materials, ceramic, and liner), these cavities were restored in six teeth for each material and cavity size (exception amalgam n = 1). The teeth were CT scanned and images reconstructed using an extended CT scale. Filling materials were analyzed in terms of resulting Hounsfield units (HU) and filling size representation within the images. Varying restorative materials showed distinctively differing radiopacities allowing for CT-data-based discrimination. Particularly, ceramic and composite fillings could be differentiated. The HU values were used to generate an updated volume-rendering preset for postmortem extended CT scale data of the dentition to easily visualize the position of restorations, the shape (in scale), and the material used which is color encoded in 3D. The results provide the scientific background for the application of 3D volume rendering to visualize the human dentition for forensic identification purpose

Twisted equivariant K-theory, groupoids and proper actions

In this paper we define twisted equivariant K-theory for actions of Lie groupoids. For a Bredon-compatible Lie groupoid, this defines a periodic cohomology theory on the category of finite CW-complexes with equivariant stable projective bundles. A classification of these bundles is shown. We also obtain a completion theorem and apply these results to proper actions of groups.Comment: 26 page

Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI

The rapid development of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) led to the introduction and establishment in postmortem investigations. The objectives of this preliminary study were to describe the imaging appearances of the early postmortem changes of blood after cessation of the circulation, such as sedimentation, postmortem clotting, and internal livores, and to give a few first suggestions on how to differentiate them from other forensic findings. In the Virtopsy project, 95 human corpses underwent postmortem imaging by CT and MRI prior to traditional autopsy and therefore 44 cases have been investigated in this study. Postmortem alterations as well as the forensic relevant findings of the blood, such as internal or subcutaneous bleedings, are presented on the basis of their imaging appearances in multislice CT and MR

Clinical application of a rapid microbiological test based on capillary zone electrophoresis to assess local skin infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The basic clinical problem associated with infection treatment is the fact that classic, commonly and routinely used isolation and identification methods are based on long-term processes of a phenotypic analysis of microorganisms. Consequently sometimes, especially in small centres, rapid implementation of antibacterial treatment becomes delayed.</p> <p>The work presents the initial results of rapid microbiological identification based on an original method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The study involved the analysis of 78 biological samples from post-operative wounds and trophic ulcers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The attempt was made to identify individual bacterial species based on characteristic features of electropherograms achieved. Finally, G(+) cocci type bacteria and different G(-) rods were identified with sensitivity of 88.1% and specificity of 100%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on the clinical trials using an electrophoretic technique in the field of microbiological diagnostics of infected exudate from a post-operative wound it can be concluded that it is a rapid and relatively sensitive method for initial identification of infectious pathogens.</p

Measures for pathway analysis in brain white matter using diffusion tensor images

In this paper we discuss new measures for connectivity analysis of brain white matter, using MR diffusion tensor imaging. Our approach is based on Riemannian geometry, the viability of which has been demonstrated by various researchers in foregoing work. In the Riemannian framework bundles of axons are represented by geodesies on the manifold. Here we do not discuss methods to compute these geodesies, nor do we rely on the availability of geodesies. Instead we propose local measures which are directly computable from the local DTI data, and which enable us to preselect viable or exclude uninteresting seed points for the potentially time consuming extraction of geodesies. If geodesies are available, our measures can be readily applied to these as well. We consider two types of geodesic measures. One pertains to the connectivity saliency of a geodesic, the second to its stability with respect to local spatial perturbations. For the first type of measure we consider both differential as well as integral measures for characterizing a geodesic's saliency either locally or globally. (In the latter case one needs to be in possession of the geodesic curve, in the former case a single tangent vector suffices.) The second type of measure is intrinsically local, and turns out to be related to a well known tensor in Riemannian geometry.</p