154 research outputs found
Dependent Interviewing and Sub-Optimal Responding
With proactive dependent interviewing (PDI) respondents are reminded of the answer they gave in the previous interview, before being asked about their current status. PDI is used in panel surveys to assist respondent recall and reduce spurious changes in responses over time. PDI may however provide scope for new errors if respondents falsely accept the previous information as still being an accurate description of their current situation. In this paper we use data from the German Labour Market and Social Security panel study, in which an error was made with the preload data for a PDI question about receipt of welfare benefit. The survey data were linked to individual administrative records on receipt of welfare benefit. A large proportion of respondents accepted the false preload. This behaviour seems mainly driven by the difficulty of the response task: respondents with a more complex history of receipt according to the records were more likely to confirm the false preload. Personality also seemed related to the probability of confirming. Predictors of satisficing, indicators of satisficing on other items in the survey, and characteristics of the survey and interviewer were not predictive of confirming the false preload
Fast Simulation of Facilitated Spin Models
We show how to apply the absorbing Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm of
Novotny to simulate kinetically constrained models of glasses. We consider in
detail one-spin facilitated models, such as the East model and its
generalizations to arbitrary dimensions. We investigate how to maximise the
efficiency of the algorithms, and show that simulation times can be improved on
standard continuous time Monte Carlo by several orders of magnitude. We
illustrate the method with equilibrium and aging results. These include a study
of relaxation times in the East model for dimensions d=1 to d=13, which
provides further evidence that the hierarchical relaxation in this model is
present in all dimensions. We discuss how the method can be applied to other
kinetically constrained models.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Spiral model, jamming percolation and glass-jamming transitions
The Spiral Model (SM) corresponds to a new class of kinetically constrained
models introduced in joint works with D.S. Fisher [8,9]. They provide the first
example of finite dimensional models with an ideal glass-jamming transition.
This is due to an underlying jamming percolation transition which has
unconventional features: it is discontinuous (i.e. the percolating cluster is
compact at the transition) and the typical size of the clusters diverges faster
than any power law, leading to a Vogel-Fulcher-like divergence of the
relaxation time. Here we present a detailed physical analysis of SM, see [5]
for rigorous proofs. We also show that our arguments for SM does not need any
modification contrary to recent claims of Jeng and Schwarz [10].Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, proceedings for StatPhys2
From supported membranes to tethered vesicles: lipid bilayers destabilisation at the main transition
We report results concerning the destabilisation of supported phospholipid
bilayers in a well-defined geometry. When heating up supported phospholipid
membranes deposited on highly hydrophilic glass slides from room temperature
(i.e. with lipids in the gel phase), unbinding was observed around the main gel
to fluid transition temperature of the lipids. It lead to the formation of
relatively monodisperse vesicles, of which most remained tethered to the
supported bilayer. We interpret these observations in terms of a sharp decrease
of the bending rigidity modulus in the transition region, combined
with a weak initial adhesion energy. On the basis of scaling arguments, we show
that our experimental findings are consistent with this hypothesis.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Freezing and Slow Evolution in a Constrained Opinion Dynamics Model
We study opinion formation in a population that consists of leftists,
centrists, and rightist. In an interaction between neighboring agents, a
centrist and a leftist can become both centrists or leftists (and similarly for
a centrist and a rightist). In contrast, leftists and rightists do not affect
each other. The initial density of centrists rho_0 controls the evolution. With
probability rho_0 the system reaches a centrist consensus, while with
probability 1-rho_0 a frozen population of leftists and rightists results. In
one dimension, we determine this frozen state and the opinion dynamics by
mapping the system onto a spin-1 Ising model with zero-temperature Glauber
kinetics. In the frozen state, the length distribution of single-opinion
domains has an algebraic small-size tail x^{-2(1-psi)} and the average domain
size grows as L^{2*psi}, where L is the system length. The approach to this
frozen state is governed by a t^{-psi} long-time tail with psi-->2*rho_0/pi as
rho_0-->0.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, 2-column revtex4 format, for submission to J.
Phys. A. Revision contains lots of stylistic changes and 1 new result; the
main conclusions are the sam
Facilitated spin models: recent and new results
Facilitated or kinetically constrained spin models (KCSM) are a class of
interacting particle systems reversible w.r.t. to a simple product measure.
Each dynamical variable (spin) is re-sampled from its equilibrium distribution
only if the surrounding configuration fulfills a simple local constraint which
\emph{does not involve} the chosen variable itself. Such simple models are
quite popular in the glass community since they display some of the peculiar
features of glassy dynamics, in particular they can undergo a dynamical arrest
reminiscent of the liquid/glass transitiom. Due to the fact that the jumps
rates of the Markov process can be zero, the whole analysis of the long time
behavior becomes quite delicate and, until recently, KCSM have escaped a
rigorous analysis with the notable exception of the East model. In these notes
we will mainly review several recent mathematical results which, besides being
applicable to a wide class of KCSM, have contributed to settle some debated
questions arising in numerical simulations made by physicists. We will also
provide some interesting new extensions. In particular we will show how to deal
with interacting models reversible w.r.t. to a high temperature Gibbs measure
and we will provide a detailed analysis of the so called one spin facilitated
model on a general connected graph.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figure
Slow Logarithmic Decay of Magnetization in the Zero Temperature Dynamics of an Ising Spin Chain: Analogy to Granular Compaction
We study the zero temperature coarsening dynamics in an Ising chain in
presence of a dynamically induced field that favors locally the `-' phase
compared to the `+' phase. At late times, while the `+' domains still coarsen
as , the `-' domains coarsen slightly faster as . As
a result, at late times, the magnetization decays slowly as, . We establish this behavior both analytically within an
independent interval approximation (IIA) and numerically. In the zero volume
fraction limit of the `+' phase, we argue that the IIA becomes asymptotically
exact. Our model can be alternately viewed as a simple Ising model for granular
compaction. At late times in our model, the system decays into a fully compact
state (where all spins are `-') in a slow logarithmic manner , a fact that has been observed in recent experiments on granular systems.Comment: 4 pages Revtex, 3 eps figures, supersedes cond-mat/000221
Nonlinear acoustic and microwave absorption in glasses
A theory of weakly-nonlinear low-temperature relaxational absorption of
acoustic and electromagnetic waves in dielectric and metallic glasses is
developed. Basing upon the model of two-level tunneling systems we show that
the nonlinear contribution to the absorption can be anomalously large. This is
the case at low enough frequencies, where freqeuency times the minimal
relaxation time for the two-level system are much less than one. In dielectric
glasses, the lowest-order nonlinear contribution is proportional to the wave's
intensity. It is negative and exhibits anomalous frequency and temperature
dependencies. In metallic glasses, the nonlinear contribution is also negative,
and it is proportional to the square root of the wave's intensity and to the
frequency. Numerical estimates show that the predicted nonlinear contribution
can be measured experimentally
Relaxation times of kinetically constrained spin models with glassy dynamics
We analyze the density and size dependence of the relaxation time for
kinetically constrained spin systems. These have been proposed as models for
strong or fragile glasses and for systems undergoing jamming transitions. For
the one (FA1f) or two (FA2f) spin facilitated Fredrickson-Andersen model at any
density and for the Knight model below the critical density at which
the glass transition occurs, we show that the persistence and the spin-spin
time auto-correlation functions decay exponentially. This excludes the
stretched exponential relaxation which was derived by numerical simulations.
For FA2f in , we also prove a super-Arrhenius scaling of the form
. For FA1f in = we
rigorously prove the power law scalings recently derived in \cite{JMS} while in
we obtain upper and lower bounds consistent with findings therein.
Our results are based on a novel multi-scale approach which allows to analyze
in presence of kinetic constraints and to connect time-scales and
dynamical heterogeneities. The techniques are flexible enough to allow a
variety of constraints and can also be applied to conservative stochastic
lattice gases in presence of kinetic constraints.Comment: 4 page
Jamming percolation and glassy dynamics
We present a detailed physical analysis of the dynamical glass-jamming
transition which occurs for the so called Knight models recently introduced and
analyzed in a joint work with D.S.Fisher \cite{letterTBF}. Furthermore, we
review some of our previous works on Kinetically Constrained Models.
The Knights models correspond to a new class of kinetically constrained
models which provide the first example of finite dimensional models with an
ideal glass-jamming transition. This is due to the underlying percolation
transition of particles which are mutually blocked by the constraints. This
jamming percolation has unconventional features: it is discontinuous (i.e. the
percolating cluster is compact at the transition) and the typical size of the
clusters diverges faster than any power law when . These
properties give rise for Knight models to an ergodicity breaking transition at
: at and above a finite fraction of the system is frozen. In
turn, this finite jump in the density of frozen sites leads to a two step
relaxation for dynamic correlations in the unjammed phase, analogous to that of
glass forming liquids. Also, due to the faster than power law divergence of the
dynamical correlation length, relaxation times diverge in a way similar to the
Vogel-Fulcher law.Comment: Submitted to the special issue of Journal of Statistical Physics on
Spin glasses and related topic
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