Инновационная составляющая обеспечения конкурентоспособности национальной экономики Украины

Цель данной работы – изучение особенностей инновационных процессов в Украине и рассмотрение их как факторов повышения конкурентоспособности. Для достижения цели необходимо также изучение опыта внедрения инновационных программ и повышения национальной конкурентоспособности в зарубежных странах

A survey of diving behaviour and accidental water ingestion among Dutch occupational and sport divers to assess the risk of infection with waterborne pathogenic microorganisms.

Divers may run a higher risk of infection with waterborne pathogens than bathers because of more frequent and intense contact with water that may not comply with microbiologic water quality standards for bathing water. In this study we aimed to estimate the volume of water swallowed during diving as a key factor for infection risk assessment associated with diving. Using questionnaires, occupational and sport divers in the Netherlands were asked about number of dives, volume of swallowed water, and health complaints (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ear, skin, eye, and respiratory complaints). Occupational divers, on average, swallowed 9.8 mL marine water and 5.7 mL fresh surface water per dive. Sport divers swallowed, on average, 9.0 mL marine water; 13 mL fresh recreational water; 3.2 mL river, canal, or city canal water; and 20 mL water in circulation pools. Divers swallowed less water when wearing a full face mask instead of an ordinary diving mask and even less when wearing a diving helmet. A full face mask or a diving helmet is recommended when diving in fecally contaminated water. From the volumes of swallowed water and concentrations of pathogens in fecally contaminated water, we estimated the infection risks per dive and per year to be as high as a few to up to tens of percents. This may explain why only 20% of the divers reported having none of the inquired health complaints within a period of 1 year. It is highly recommended that divers be informed about fecal contamination of the diving water

Г.М.Добров и международное научно-технической сотрудничество

На основании анализа документов, архивных материалов, публикаций освещается деятельность Г.М.Доброва в международных научных организациях, его участие в выполнении международных научных программ и проектов. Приведены сведения об участии Г.М.Доброва в международных научных симпозиумах, организованных Комиссией по научно-техническому сотрудничеству СЭВ (1968—1987), а также в международных конгрессах историков естествознания и техники (1962—1988) и всемирных социологических конгрессах (1970—1982).На основі аналізу документів, архівних матеріалів, публікацій висвітлено діяльність Г.М. Доброва у міжнародних наукових організаціях, його участь у виконанні міжнародних наукових програм і проектів. Наведено відомості щодо участі Г.М. Доброва у міжнародних наукових симпозіумах, організованих Комісією з науково-технічного співробітництва СЕВ (1968—1987), а також у міжнародних конгресах істориків природознавства і техніки (1962—1988) і всесвітніх соціологічних конгресах (1970—1982).Work of G.M. Dobrov in international scientific organizations and his contributions in international research programs and projects are highlighted through analysis of documents, materials from archives and publications. Information is given about his participation in international scientific symposia organized by the Commission on S&T Cooperation at the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) (1968—1987), in international congresses of historians on natural science and technology (1962—1988) and in world congresses on sociology (1970—1982)

Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – silica core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function of a wide range of colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 particles ml−1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase of maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curve fitting, using HYDRUS1D, demonstrated that a 1-site first order kinetic attachment (katt) and detachment (kdet) model sufficed to explain the C0-dependent SiDNASi retention behaviour. With increasing C0, katt log-linearly decreased, which could be expressed as an overall decrease in the single-collector removal efficiency (ƞ). The decrease in ƞ was likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion between aqueous phase- solid phase colloids, formation of shadow zones downstream of deposited colloids and removal of weakly attached colloids from the solid phase (quartz sand) attributing to increased aqueous phase-solid phase intercolloidal collisions as a function of increasing SiDNASi concentration. Our results implied, firstly, that the aqueous phase colloid concentration should be carefully considered in determining colloidal retention behaviour in saturated porous media. Secondly, colloidal transport and retention dynamics in column studies should not be compared without considering colloid influent concentration. Thirdly, our results implied that the applicability of SiDNASi as a conservative subsurface tracer was restricted, since transport distance and retention was colloid concentration dependent. However, the uniqueness of the DNA sequences in SiDNASi imparts the advantage of concurrent use of multiple SiDNASi for flow tracking or porous media characterization

Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – silica core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function of a wide range of colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 particles ml−1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase of maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curve fitting, using HYDRUS1D, demonstrated that a 1-site first order kinetic attachment (katt) and detachment (kdet) model sufficed to explain the C0-dependent SiDNASi retention behaviour. With increasing C0, katt log-linearly decreased, which could be expressed as an overall decrease in the single-collector removal efficiency (ƞ). The decrease in ƞ was likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion between aqueous phase- solid phase colloids, formation of shadow zones downstream of deposited colloids and removal of weakly attached colloids from the solid phase (quartz sand) attributing to increased aqueous phase-solid phase intercolloidal collisions as a function of increasing SiDNASi concentration. Our results implied, firstly, that the aqueous phase colloid concentration should be carefully considered in determining colloidal retention behaviour in saturated porous media. Secondly, colloidal transport and retention dynamics in column studies should not be compared without considering colloid influent concentration. Thirdly, our results implied that the applicability of SiDNASi as a conservative subsurface tracer was restricted, since transport distance and retention was colloid concentration dependent. However, the uniqueness of the DNA sequences in SiDNASi imparts the advantage of concurrent use of multiple SiDNASi for flow tracking or porous media characterization

Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – silica core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function of a wide range of colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 particles ml−1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase of maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curve fitting, using HYDRUS1D, demonstrated that a 1-site first order kinetic attachment (katt) and detachment (kdet) model sufficed to explain the C0-dependent SiDNASi retention behaviour. With increasing C0, katt log-linearly decreased, which could be expressed as an overall decrease in the single-collector removal efficiency (ƞ). The decrease in ƞ was likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion between aqueous phase- solid phase colloids, formation of shadow zones downstream of deposited colloids and removal of weakly attached colloids from the solid phase (quartz sand) attributing to increased aqueous phase-solid phase intercolloidal collisions as a function of increasing SiDNASi concentration. Our results implied, firstly, that the aqueous phase colloid concentration should be carefully considered in determining colloidal retention behaviour in saturated porous media. Secondly, colloidal transport and retention dynamics in column studies should not be compared without considering colloid influent concentration. Thirdly, our results implied that the applicability of SiDNASi as a conservative subsurface tracer was restricted, since transport distance and retention was colloid concentration dependent. However, the uniqueness of the DNA sequences in SiDNASi imparts the advantage of concurrent use of multiple SiDNASi for flow tracking or porous media characterization

Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – silica core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function of a wide range of colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 particles ml−1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase of maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curve fitting, using HYDRUS1D, demonstrated that a 1-site first order kinetic attachment (katt) and detachment (kdet) model sufficed to explain the C0-dependent SiDNASi retention behaviour. With increasing C0, katt log-linearly decreased, which could be expressed as an overall decrease in the single-collector removal efficiency (ƞ). The decrease in ƞ was likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion between aqueous phase- solid phase colloids, formation of shadow zones downstream of deposited colloids and removal of weakly attached colloids from the solid phase (quartz sand) attributing to increased aqueous phase-solid phase intercolloidal collisions as a function of increasing SiDNASi concentration. Our results implied, firstly, that the aqueous phase colloid concentration should be carefully considered in determining colloidal retention behaviour in saturated porous media. Secondly, colloidal transport and retention dynamics in column studies should not be compared without considering colloid influent concentration. Thirdly, our results implied that the applicability of SiDNASi as a conservative subsurface tracer was restricted, since transport distance and retention was colloid concentration dependent. However, the uniqueness of the DNA sequences in SiDNASi imparts the advantage of concurrent use of multiple SiDNASi for flow tracking or porous media characterization

Effect of concentration of silica encapsulated ds-DNA colloidal microparticles on their transport through saturated porous media

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – silica core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function of a wide range of colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 particles ml−1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase of maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curve fitting, using HYDRUS1D, demonstrated that a 1-site first order kinetic attachment (katt) and detachment (kdet) model sufficed to explain the C0-dependent SiDNASi retention behaviour. With increasing C0, katt log-linearly decreased, which could be expressed as an overall decrease in the single-collector removal efficiency (ƞ). The decrease in ƞ was likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion between aqueous phase- solid phase colloids, formation of shadow zones downstream of deposited colloids and removal of weakly attached colloids from the solid phase (quartz sand) attributing to increased aqueous phase-solid phase intercolloidal collisions as a function of increasing SiDNASi concentration. Our results implied, firstly, that the aqueous phase colloid concentration should be carefully considered in determining colloidal retention behaviour in saturated porous media. Secondly, colloidal transport and retention dynamics in column studies should not be compared without considering colloid influent concentration. Thirdly, our results implied that the applicability of SiDNASi as a conservative subsurface tracer was restricted, since transport distance and retention was colloid concentration dependent. However, the uniqueness of the DNA sequences in SiDNASi imparts the advantage of concurrent use of multiple SiDNASi for flow tracking or porous media characterization

Augmented versus Virtual Reality Laparoscopic Simulation: What Is the Difference?: A Comparison of the ProMIS Augmented Reality Laparoscopic Simulator versus LapSim Virtual Reality Laparoscopic Simulator

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging new modality for laparoscopic skills training; however, most simulators lack realistic haptic feedback. Augmented reality (AR) is a new laparoscopic simulation system offering a combination of physical objects and VR simulation. Laparoscopic instruments are used within an hybrid mannequin on tissue or objects while using video tracking. This study was designed to assess the difference in realism, haptic feedback, and didactic value between AR and VR laparoscopic simulation. METHODS: The ProMIS AR and LapSim VR simulators were used in this study. The participants performed a basic skills task and a suturing task on both simulators, after which they filled out a questionnaire about their demographics and their opinion of both simulators scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were allotted to 3 groups depending on their experience: experts, intermediates and novices. Significant differences were calculated with the paired t-test. RESULTS: There was general consensus in all groups that the ProMIS AR laparoscopic simulator is more realistic than the LapSim VR laparoscopic simulator in both the basic skills task (mean 4.22 resp. 2.18, P <0.000) as well as the suturing task (mean 4.15 resp. 1.85, P <0.000). The ProMIS is regarded as having better haptic feedback (mean 3.92 resp. 1.92, P <0.000) and as being more useful for training surgical residents (mean 4.51 resp. 2.94, P <0.000). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with the VR simulator, the AR laparoscopic simulator was regarded by all participants as a better simulator for laparoscopic skills training on all tested feature

Removal of bacterial plant pathogens in columns filled with quartz and natural sediments under anoxic and oxygenated conditions

Irrigation with surface water carrying plant pathogens poses a risk for agriculture. Managed aquifer recharge enhances fresh water availability while simultaneously it may reduce the risk of plant diseases by removal of pathogens during aquifer passage. We compared the transport of three plant pathogenic bacteria with Escherichia coli WR1 as reference strain in saturated laboratory column experiments filled with quartz sand, or sandy aquifer sediments. E. coli showed the highest removal, followed by Pectobacterium carotovorum, Dickeya solani and Ralstonia solanacearum. Bacterial and non-reactive tracer breakthrough curves were fitted with Hydrus-1D and compared with colloid filtration theory (CFT). Bacterial attachment to fine and medium aquifer sand under anoxic conditions was highest with attachment rates of max. katt1 = 765 day-1 and 355 day-1, respectively. Attachment was the least to quartz sand under oxic conditions (katt1 = 61 day-1). In CFT, sticking efficiencies were higher in aquifer than in quartz sand but there was no differentiation between fine and medium aquifer sand. Overall removal ranged between < 6.8 log10 m−1 in quartz and up to 40 log10 m−1 in fine aquifer sand. Oxygenation of the anoxic aquifer sediments for two weeks with oxic influent water decreased the removal. The results highlight the potential of natural sand filtration to sufficiently remove plant pathogenic bacteria during aquifer storage