The Use of the Terms Negro and Black to Include Persons of Native American Ancestry in Anglo North America

In 1854 the California State Supreme Court sought to bar all non-Caucasians from equal citizenship and civil rights. The court stated: The word Black may include all Negroes, but the term Negro does not include all Black persons . . . . We are of the opinion that the words White, Negro, Mulatto and Black person, whenever they occur in our constitution . . . must be taken in their generic sense . . . that the words Black person, in the 14th section must be taken as contra distinguished from White, and necessarily includes all races other than the Caucasian.[1] As convoluted as the quote may be, it tends to express a strong tendency in the history of the United States, toward creating two broad classes of people: white and non-white, citizen and non-citizen (or semi-citizen)

Fascism: A Review of Its History and Its Present Cultural Reality in the Americas

The Italians may have given us the word “fascismo,” but whether we use that word or the Spanish ”falangismo” or the German “National Socialism” (Naziism) we are talking about a form of social organization which has a complex history. Indeed, many persons wrongly believe that fascism as a political system first achieved state power in Italy in the 1920s. However, fascism in modern times first achieved independent (sovereign) power in the Americas -- in the Argentina of Juan Manuel de Rosas (1830s) and in the Confederate States of America (1860-1865)

A three-loop check of the 'a - maximization' in SQCD with adjoint(s)

The 'a - maximization' was introduced by K. Inrtiligator and B. Wecht for finding anomalous dimensions of chiral superfields at the IR fixed points of the RG flow. Using known explicit calculations of anomalous dimensions in the perturbation theory of SQCD (with one or two additional adjoint fields), it is checked here at the three-loop level.Comment: 5 pages; the title changed, the text improved and expande

Annoyance response to simulated advanced turboprop aircraft interior noise containing tonal beats

A study is done to investigate the effects on subjective annoyance of simulated advanced turboprop (ATP) interior noise environments containing tonal beats. The simulated environments consisted of low-frequency tones superimposed on a turbulent-boundary-layer noise spectrum. The variables used in the study included propeller tone frequency (100 to 250 Hz), propeller tone levels (84 to 105 dB), and tonal beat frequency (0 to 1.0 Hz). Results indicated that propeller tones within the simulated ATP environment resulted in increased annoyance response that was fully predictable in terms of the increase in overall sound pressure level due to the tones. Implications for ATP aircraft include the following: (1) the interior noise environment with propeller tones is more annoying than an environment without tones if the tone is present at a level sufficient to increase the overall sound pressure level; (2) the increased annoyance due to the fundamental propeller tone frequency without harmonics is predictable from the overall sound pressure level; and (3) no additional noise penalty due to the perception of single discrete-frequency tones and/or beats was observed

Why Christians Should Not Be Kaneans about Freedom

Abstract: In this paper we argue that Robert Kane’s theory of free will cannot accommodate the possibility of a sinless individual who faces morally significant choices because a sinless agent cannot voluntarily accord value to an immoral desire, and we argue that Kane’s theory requires this. Since the Jesus of the historic Christian tradition is held to be sinless, we think Christians should reject Kane’s theory because it seems irreconcilable with historic Christian Christology. We consider two objections to our argument and argue that both fail

Multi-site Event Discrimination in Large Liquid Scintillation Detectors

Simulation studies have been carried out to explore the ability to discriminate between single-site and multi-site energy depositions in large scale liquid scintillation detectors. A robust approach has been found that is predicted to lead to a significant statistical separation for a large variety of event classes, providing a powerful tool to discriminate against backgrounds and break important degeneracies in signal extraction. This has particularly relevant implications for liquid scintillator searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) from $^{130}$Te and $^{136}$Xe, where it is possible for a true $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal to be distinguished from most radioactive backgrounds (including those from cosmogenic production) as well as unknown gamma lines from the target isotope.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

Ultra-violet Finiteness in Noncommutative Supersymmetric Theories

We consider the ultra-violet divergence structure of general noncommutative supersymmetric $U(N_c)$ gauge theories, and seek theories which are all-orders finite.Comment: 11 pages, Tex, one figure. Uses harvmac (big) and eps

Fayet-Iliopoulos D-terms and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking

We show that in a minimal extension of the MSSM by means of an extra U(1) gauge group, the negative mass-squared problem characteristic of the Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking scenario is naturally solved by means of Fayet-Iliopoulos D-terms. We derive a set of sum rules for the sparticle masses which are consequences of the resulting framework.Comment: 11 pages, including 1 figure. Plain TeX. Uses Harvmac and epsf. Final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B; some minor improvement