Changes of Vistula River channels pattern caused by Włocławek Dam functioning based on the analysis of aerial photographs

Wielokorytowy system fluwialny dolnej Wisły, z korytem głównym typu roztokowego, jest przykładem transformacji z jednokorytowego systemu piaskodennej rzeki roztokowej do systemu wielokorytowego. Transformacja ta zachodzi obecnie pod silnym wpływem antropopresji wywołanej najpierw przeprowadzoną regulacją koryta, a następnie oddziaływaniem stopnia wodnego we Włocławku. Zarówno powyżej, jak i poniżej zbiornika zaporowego utworzonego w wyniku spiętrzenia rzeki zaobserwowano spadek liczby form korytowych i międzykorytowych. Obszary międzykorytowe w wyniku zanikania bocznych ramion zostały włączone w obszar równiny zalewowej, a utrwalone roślinnością międzykorytowe wyspy zwiększały swoją powierzchnięewoluując w kierunku obszarów międzykorytowych. Jednocześnie zmniejszyła się liczba i powierzchnia odsypów piaszczystych. Efektem procesów fluwialnych przebiegających w warunkach oddziaływania budowli hydrotechnicznych jest powolne utrwalanie się wielokorytowego systemu fluwialnego, który w odróżnieniu od klasycznej rzeki anastomozującej, której koryta rozdzielają obszary międzykorytowe, można określić jako rzekę rozgałęzioną (anabranching)

5-Deazaalloxazine as photosensitizer of singlet oxygen and potential redox-sensitive agent

Flavins are a unique class of compounds that combine the features of singlet oxygen generators and redox-dependent fluorophores. From a broad family of flavin derivatives, deazaalloxazines are significantly underdeveloped from the point of view of photophysical properties. Herein, we report photophysics of 5-deazaalloxazine (1a) in water, acetonitrile, and some other solvents. In particular, triplet excited states of 1ain water and in acetonitrile were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) transient absorption spectroscopy. The measured triplet lifetimes for 1a were all on the microsecond time scale (approximate to 60 mu s) in deoxygenated solutions. The quantum yield of S-1 -> T-1 intersystem crossing for 1ain water was 0.43 based on T1 energy transfer from 1a to indicaxanthin (5) acting as acceptor and on comparative actinometric measurements using benzophenone (6). 1a was an efficient photosensitizer for singlet oxygen in aerated solutions, with quantum yields of singlet oxygen in methanol of about 0.76, compared to acetonitrile similar to 0.74, dichloromethane similar to 0.64 and 1,2-dichloroethane similar to 0.54. Significantly lower singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained in water and deuterated water (Phi(Delta)similar to 0.42 and 0.44, respectively). Human red blood cells (RBC) were used as a cell model to study the antioxidant capacity in vitro and cytotoxic activity of 1a. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data were analyzed by fluorescence lifetime parameters and distribution for different parts of the emission spectrum. Comparison of multidimensional fluorescent properties of RBC under physiological-like and oxidative-stress conditions in the presence and absence of 1a suggests its dual activity as probe and singlet-oxygen generator and opens up a pathway for using FLIM to analyze complex intracellular behavior of flavin-like compounds. These new data on structure-property relationship contribute to the body of information required for a rational design of flavin-based tools for future biological and biochemical applications.National Science Centre, Poland 2017/27/B/ST4/02494 (OPUS), NCN CEUS-UNISONO 2020/02/Y/ST4/00042, 2018/29/B/ST4/01498 (Opus), POIR.04.04.00-00-441F/17-00, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 2013/08/T/ST4/00640 (Etiuda), Foundation for Polish Science 21-14200K, Smart Growth Operational Programme 2014-2020 POIR.04.02.00-00-C004/19-00, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland DIR/WK/2018/06info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nuclear Power in Poland’s Energy Transition

This article presents an analysis of the future role of nuclear energy in Poland’s path to a low-carbon energy transition. The arguments in favor of implementing nuclear power are to be found on three levels: energy security, economic competitiveness and energy efficiency, and lastly, limited environmental impact. In the process of creating this study, the methodology in the field of security sciences was used, including its interdisciplinary approach. Theoretical methods were used, e.g., critical analysis of scientific sources and comparison of statistical data and empirical methods, e.g., document analysis, comparative analysis. The article is based on an analysis of the literature on the subject, applicable legal acts, and government strategies in the field of energy security. The article contains the results of research no. BS.21.6.13 carried out by a research team from the Pomeranian Academy in Słupsk that allowed to indicate the probable directions of transformation of the energy sector in Poland in the next decade