38 research outputs found

    Wspomnienie o Ksi臋dzu Zbigniewie Pawlaku

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    On the evolution of a random tournament

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    Organizational and legal aspects of changes in social work management during the Covid-19 pandemic : analysis in the perspective of qualitative research in the example of Poland

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    PURPOSE: The Covid-19 pandemic caused significant changes in the functioning of social services in Europe and in the world, and these changes affected both developing and developed countries. The aim of this article is to answer the question of how these changes are evaluated by social workers themselves.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The basis for the article was the analysis of: 1/ the results of the original research project 'Social work during the Covid-19 pandemic' conducted in 2020-2021 in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, 2/ legal regulations regarding the organisation of work in social welfare institutions. 12 social workers from various institutions of the social welfare sector took part in the qualitative research. The interviews focused on two main areas, i.e. 1/ the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the organisation of work (including the emerging of changes in legal regulations) and 2/ the impact on the psychological comfort of work, stress level and possible changes in interpersonal relations of the employees and their charges. Conclusions resulting from the second of the mentioned research areas have been shown in this article.FINDINGS: The introduced legal and organisational regulations resulting from sanitary restrictions significantly influenced the methods of social work in social welfare institutions. These changes enabled the implementation of key tasks of social workers towards their charges and at the same time ensured a relatively high level of health security. By means of the research, thinking of maintaining the continuity of the support provided, the organisation of social work during the pandemic can be evaluated as positive. Nevertheless, the experience of the first waves of the pandemic shows that it is necessary to develop methods of remote social work in those areas where it is possible.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In the light of the analysed research material, three recommendations are particularly important. The first one is methodological, it is recommended to treat the analysed qualitative research as a pilot study for research projects with a nationwide (in relation to Poland) and European area, taking into account the differences and similarities in the organisation of social assistance systems in particular countries. The second concerns a deep evaluation of the effectiveness of the introduced legislative regulations regarding the methods of providing support, and at the same time protecting social workers against epidemiological threats. The last of them is educational: it is recommended to develop and organise standardised training for employees of the social welfare sector, including social workers 1/ in the area of sanitary and epidemiological procedures that should be implemented in emergencies, 2/ in the area of application and adaptation of ICT technologies for remote social work, 3/ in the area of dealing with stress.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The article draws attention to the experiences of employees of social welfare institutions in the pandemic. Interpersonal relations with charges, personal meetings, face-to-face communication are one of the most important tools in social work. The Covid-19 pandemic inevitably led to a situation in which the health security of employees and their charges was in some way opposed to the social security of the latter. The introduced rules of social distance made it difficult, and often prevented, the use of useful methods and techniques used in social work. In order to analyse the organisational and legal solutions used in Poland during the first waves of the pandemic, the results of the original qualitative research with social workers (Pomeranian Voivodeship) were used.peer-reviewe

    Tramadol in cancer pain treatment

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    U wi臋kszo艣ci chorych z b贸lami nowotworowymi udaje si臋 je skutecznie u艣mierzy膰 dzi臋ki leczeniu farmakologicznemu, stosuj膮c analgetyki opioidowe samodzielnie b膮d藕 w po艂膮czeniu z adjuwantami analgetycznymi. W leczeniu b贸lu nowotworowego o umiarkowanym nat臋偶eniu zazwyczaj stosuje si臋 analgetyki drugiego stopnia drabiny analgetycznej 艢wiatowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO), tak zwane s艂abe opioidy. Obok kodeiny g艂贸wnym przedstawicielem tej grupy analgetyk贸w jest tramadol. Unikalny mechanizm dzia艂ania, skuteczno艣膰 analgetyczna oraz korzystny profil objaw贸w ubocznych zainspirowa艂y przeprowadzenie wielu bada艅 do艣wiadczalnych i klinicznych z tramadolem. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest pr贸ba podsumowania doniesie艅 dotycz膮cych mechanizm贸w dzia艂ania, w艂asno艣ci farmakokinetycznych leku oraz bada艅 klinicznych, oceniaj膮cych skuteczno艣膰 analgetyczn膮 i objawy uboczne podczas jego stosowania. W om贸wieniu zwr贸cono szczeg贸ln膮 uwag臋 na praktyczne aspekty stosowania tramadolu w leczeniu chorych z b贸lem nowotworowym.In most cancer patients pain can be successfully treated with pharmacological measures using opioid analgesics alone or in combination with adjuvant analgesics. Usually analgesics of the second step of the WHO analgesic ladder so called weak opioids are administered in the treatment of moderate cancer pain. Apart from codeine tramadol is the main analgesic of this group of drugs. Unique mechanism of action, analgesic efficacy and beneficial profile of adverse reactions inspired performing many experimental and clinical trials with tramadol. The aim of this article is to summarise data on mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and clinical trials assessing analgesic efficacy and adverse reactions of tramadol. In this paper special attention will be paid to practical aspects of the use of tramadol in patients with cancer pain

    The causes of starving hypoglycaemia in patients suffering from advanced malignancy

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    W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 42-letniego pacjenta, leczonego z powodu oponiaka, a nast臋pnie ob艂oniaka, u kt贸rego rozpoznano tak偶e mezenchymalny guz w膮troby. G艂贸wn膮 dolegliwo艣ci膮 chorego opr贸cz b贸lu g艂owy s膮 cz臋sto nawracaj膮ce hipoglikemie g艂odowe, znacznie pogarszaj膮ce jako艣膰 jego 偶ycia. Ich wyst臋powanie najprawdopodobniej wi膮偶e si臋 z guzami stwierdzanymi w w膮trobie, jednak u przedstawionego chorego nale偶y uwzgl臋dni膰 mo偶liwe wsp贸艂istnienie kilku przyczyn zespo艂u hipoglikemii g艂odowej.Authors described a case of a 42-year-old male patient who has received treatment for meningioma and then haemangiopericytoma and in whom a fibrous liver mesothelioma has been diagnosed. Except for headache, he frequently suffered from frequently returning starving hypoglycaemia which has been deteriorating the quality of his life significantly. The most probable reason for it is connected with the tumours diagnosed in the liver, but it is necessary to pay attention to a possible coexistence of some causes of starving hypoglycaemia syndrome

    Lymphoedema — assessment of the diagnostic and prognostic value of upper arm dynamic lymphoscintigraphy in patients after mastectomy

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    Obrz臋k limfatyczny po operacyjnym leczeniu raka piersi z usuni臋ciem w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych pachowych cz臋sto utrudnia powr贸t do prawid艂owej aktywno艣ci z powodu zwi臋kszenia obj臋to艣ci ko艅czyny, zniekszta艂cenia, ograniczenia ruchomo艣ci w stawach i przykurcz贸w mi臋艣niowych. Celem pracy by艂a ocena korelacji mi臋dzy dynamik膮 przep艂ywu ch艂onki w obr臋bie ko艅czyn g贸rnych u pacjentek po leczeniu operacyjnym raka piersi a skuteczno艣ci膮 leczenia obrz臋ku limfatycznego. Badaniami obj臋to 20 kobiet. Badania wykonano za pomoc膮 g-kamery Varicam, firmy ELSCINT po podsk贸rnym podaniu 0,5 ml Nanocollu znakowanego 1 mCi 99mTc. Stopie艅 niewydolno艣ci uk艂adu ch艂onnego okre艣lano na podstawie 4-stopniowej skali Weissledera, z wykre艣leniem krzywej narastania aktywno艣ci w badanej grupie w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych. Na podstawie wykonanych bada艅 stwierdzono, 偶e wi臋kszy stopie艅 redukcji obrz臋ku mierzony procentowym ubytkiem obj臋to艣ci wyj艣ciowej korelowa艂 z mniejszym stopniem niewydolno艣ci ch艂onnej okre艣lonej na podstawie limfoscyntygrafii dynamicznej (p < 0,05). Limfoscyntygrafia dynamiczna w po艂膮czeniu ze statyczn膮 pozwala wi臋c ustali膰 nie tylko stopie艅 niewydolno艣ci uk艂adu ch艂onnego, ale r贸wnie偶 okre艣li膰 rodzaj i przewidywan膮 skuteczno艣膰 terapii.Upper arm lymphoedema is a very debilitating consequence of breast cancer therapy because of excessive limb volume, shape distortion, mobility limitation. The aim of the research was to assess the correlation between lymph outflow impairment and complex decongestive therapy (CDT) effectiveness in breast cancer related lymphoedema. There were 20 women included into the procedure. Lymphoscintigraphy (LAS) was made on g-camera Varicam (ELSCINT) after subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml Nanocoll labeled 99mTc (1 mCi). Lymphatic insufficiency was defined on the basis of four-step Weissleder scale. The results showed that the higher the level of lymphatic insufficiency the worse effects were achieved during CDT (p < 0.05). Dynamic LAS combined with the static one have a good predictive value of CDT effects

    Selected problems of palliative care and euthanasia in physicians and medical students views

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    Background. The increasing number of patients demanding palliative care in Poland indicates the necessity of gaining by physicians&#8217; basic knowledge concerning palliative care and end-of-life ethical issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate basic knowledge of the end-of-life ethical issues of the 3rd year medical students and trainees at the department of internal medicine and to assess their attitude towards euthanasia. Material and methods. A questionnaire survey with participation of 401 students and 217 physicians was filled after lectures for students concerning medical ethics, including the lecture &#8220;Physician facing dying patient&#8221; and after the theoretical course comprising basic palliative medicine for physicians during internal medicine specialty training. Results. Outcome of the study indicates comparable difficulties in breaking bad news concerning the disease and prognosis in students and physicians. 28% of students and 24% of physicians were ready to reveal full information but the number of surveyed who wanted to be fully informed of their situation was 84% of students and 80% of physicians. 1/3 of the surveyed both students and doctors were able to give appropriate definition of euthanasia, 82% of students and 90% of physicians would not perform euthanasia, 67% students and 75% physicians were against legalization of euthanasia. Regarding the doctrine of double effect 47% doctors and 88% of students gave no response. The most frequent answer for the request of giving the definition and the difference between pain and suffering was &#8220;unpleasant feeling, discomfort&#8221; without recognizing the difference (students 21%, doctors 14%). For the half of surveyed (51% of students, 49% physicians), the term palliative care meant &#8222;care for the non curable people improving their quality of life&#8221;. 37% of students and 35% of physicians treat hospice as a &#8222;place of stay of incurable patients&#8221;. 70% of doctors and 23% of students indicated oral as the most preferable route of morphine administration. 74% of physicians and 43% of students chose the appropriate statement that there is no maximal dose of morphine and 64% doctors and 6% of students indicated appropriate answer i.e. constipation is a constant side effect of morphine. Conclusions. Breaking bad news concerning cancer diagnosis and prognosis is a significant difficulty for both students and physicians. This study indicates that there is a significant lack of knowledge of bioethics, small percentage of respondents were tending to practice euthanasia and bigger accepting its legalization. In contrast to students the majority of physicians posses knowledge concerning the route of administration and side effects of morphine in cancer pain treatment.Wst臋p. Wzrastaj膮ca liczba chorych w Polsce wymagaj膮cych opieki paliatywnej wskazuje na konieczno艣膰 uzyskania przez lekarzy podstawowej wiedzy zwi膮zanej z opiek膮 paliatywn膮 i problemami etycznymi u schy艂ku 偶ycia. Celem niniejszej pracy by艂o ustalenie stopnia przygotowania z zakresu podstawowych poj臋膰 dotycz膮cych omawianej tematyki, jak r贸wnie偶 okre艣lenie stosunku do problemu eutanazji student贸w III roku medycyny oraz lekarzy specjalizuj膮cych si臋 w zakresie chor贸b wewn臋trznych. Materia艂 i metody. Badania ankietowe z udzia艂em 401 student贸w i 217 lekarzy przeprowadzono po zako艅czeniu cyklu wyk艂ad贸w dla student贸w, dotycz膮cych problem贸w etyki lekarskiej, w tym wyk艂adu &#8222;Lekarz w obliczu umieraj膮cego chorego&#8221; oraz kursu teoretycznego z zakresu podstaw medycyny paliatywnej dla specjalizuj膮cych si臋 lekarzy. Wyniki. Rezultaty bada艅 wskazuj膮 na por贸wnywalne trudno艣ci w przekazywaniu niepomy艣lnych wiadomo艣ci o chorobie i rokowaniu przez student贸w i lekarzy. Odsetek badanych, gotowych do przekazania pe艂nych informacji wynosi艂 w艣r贸d student贸w 28%, a w艣r贸d lekarzy 24%, natomiast ch臋膰 uzyskiwania pe艂nych informacji w tym zakresie wyrazi艂o 84% student贸w i 80% lekarzy. W艂a艣ciw膮 definicj臋 eutanazji poda艂a 1/3 badanych, zar贸wno student贸w, jak i lekarzy; eutanazji nie dokona艂oby 82% student贸w oraz 90% lekarzy, natomiast przeciwko jej legalizacji opowiedzia艂o si臋 67% student贸w i 75% lekarzy. Na pytanie dotycz膮ce zasady podw贸jnego efektu nie odpowiedzia艂o 47% lekarzy i 88% student贸w. Najcz臋stsz膮 odpowiedzi膮 na pytanie o definicje i r贸偶nice mi臋dzy b贸lem a cierpieniem by艂o okre艣lenie &#8222;nieprzyjemne odczucie, dyskomfort&#8221;, bez jednoczesnego rozr贸偶nienia (studenci 21%, lekarze 14%). Dla po艂owy os贸b bior膮cych udzia艂 w ankiecie (51% student贸w, 49% lekarzy) poj臋cie opieki paliatywnej oznacza艂o &#8222;opiek臋 nad nieuleczalnie chorymi lud藕mi poprawiaj膮c膮 ich komfort 偶ycia&#8221;. Dla 37% student贸w i 35% lekarzy hospicjum oznacza &#8222;miejsce pobytu nieuleczalnie chorych pacjent贸w&#8221;. Za najbardziej preferowany spos贸b podawania morfiny 70% lekarzy i 23% student贸w uzna艂o spos贸b doustny. W艂a艣ciwe pogl膮dy, i偶 nie ma maksymalnej dawki morfiny oraz 偶e zaparcie stolca jest sta艂ym objawem niepo偶膮danym wyst臋puj膮cym podczas leczenia morfin膮, wyra偶a艂o odpowiednio 74% i 64% lekarzy oraz 43% i 6% student贸w. Wnioski. Przekazywanie niepomy艣lnych informacji dotycz膮cych rozpoznania choroby nowotworowej i rokowania stanowi istotn膮 trudno艣膰 - zar贸wno dla student贸w, jak i lekarzy. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje na znaczn膮 nieznajomo艣膰 terminologii z zakresu bioetyki, niewielki odsetek badanych sk艂onnych do praktykowania eutanazji i wi臋kszy do zaakceptowania jej legalizacji. W odr贸偶nieniu od student贸w wi臋kszo艣膰 lekarzy posiada wiedz臋 dotycz膮c膮 leczenia przewlek艂ego b贸lu morfin膮, sposobu jej podawania oraz niepo偶膮danych objaw贸w przy stosowaniu leku

    The potential influence of the applied treatment on selected endocrine and non endocrine parameters and general status of the patients with cancer cachexia syndrome

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    The aim of the study was to establish correlation between the grade of cachexia and possible endocrine and non endocrine factors and the type of therapy (NSAID, corticosteroids, progestagens). 98 patients aged 36-70 years (mean - 55 years) with various degree of cancer cachexia were qualified to the study. Statistically significant, positive correlation between weight loss and: anorexia (p < 0.01), pain intensity (p < 0.01), grade of depression (p < 0.01), higher values of cortisol (p < 0.05) was detected. The progestagens are the most effective agents in the treatment of cancer cachexia, but good symptom control and psychological status of patient are also very important.The aim of the study was to establish correlation between the grade of cachexia and possible endocrine and non endocrine factors and the type of therapy (NSAID, corticosteroids, progestagens). 98 patients aged 36-70 years (mean - 55 years) with various degree of cancer cachexia were qualified to the study. Statistically significant, positive correlation between weight loss and: anorexia (p < 0.01), pain intensity (p < 0.01), grade of depression (p < 0.01), higher values of cortisol (p < 0.05) was detected. The progestagens are the most effective agents in the treatment of cancer cachexia, but good symptom control and psychological status of patient are also very important
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