Bioenergy Production Using Trichormus variabilis - A review

Fossil‐fuel processing and consumption contaminates air, soil, and water resources through the release of hazardous chemicals. The harnessing of renewable energy resources and development of sustainable technologies have become prime targets of research and increased investment to protect the environment. The use of bio‐based feedstocks in energy production provides a valuable pollution‐curbing pathway with sustainability credentials, especially when wastewater is used to provide the nutrient requirements. The filamentous cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis has attracted substantial attention from researchers due to its potential for dual industrial functions in bioenergy production and bioremediation. This species can use the power of sunlight energy efficiently to fix atmospheric CO2 and to generate valuable chemical compounds, such as carbohydrates and fatty acids, which can be converted to biofuels. As it grows in nutrient‐rich wastewater (industrial effluent) it can serve as a bio‐absorbant and replace costly chemical catalysts and nano‐materials traditionally used for the removal of nutrients and metals. However, no recent review has presented the potential for state‐of‐the‐art T. variabilis‐driven phycoremediation‐bioenergy production systems. This review suggests possible routes from phycoremediation to energy production as a strategy for developing the industrial application of T. variabilis. It brings important research results on this species together and highlights major related challenges and opportunities. It explores the current status of the use of algae in bioremediation and the production of liquid and gaseous fuels utilizing wild‐type and mutants of T. variabilis. Finally, key points underlying the potential for future research on optimization of robust technologies for supplying sustainable bioenergy using this organism are presented

Biochemical methane potential of brewery by-products

Beer production generates by-products with high energy potential, namely trub (Tr, dead yeast from the fermentation) and spent grain (SG, smashed barley grains). This work investigates the biochemical methane potential (BMP, volume of methane produced per volatile solids of substrateL kg1) of these by-products, performing batch anaerobic biodegradability assays. Single substrates were evaluated as well as a mixture of Tr:SG (1:9, weight), in order to simulate the relative proportion generated in breweries. Tr reached the highest BMP [(515 ± 4) L kg1], still, considering the total amount of by-product available, the mixture of Tr:SG proved to be more rewarding in terms of volume of methane produced. The co-digestion of Tr:SG with crude glycerol (cGly), which was chosen as a co-substrate to promote a synergetic effect on their biodegradability, was assessed by adding different amounts of cGly, up to 33% (in weight). The assay with 10% of cGly achieved the highest methane production [(573 ± 9) L kg1] and biodegradability [(94 ± 2) %], evidencing its potential for energy generation. The co-digestion of these by-products presented a potential electricity production of 206 kWh per cubic meter of beer produced, being capable of serving 80% of the brewers energy needs for heating.The authors thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the FCT and European Social Fund (ESF, POPH-QREN) through the grant given to JVO (SFRH/BD/111911/2015) and through the project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027914 (PTDC/AAG-TEC/3048/2012), financed by FEDER through COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio