775 research outputs found
Isotope shifts of 6s5d D-states in neutral Barium
Laser spectroscopy of the low lying P and D states in atomic barium
has been performed. This work contributes substantially to the development of
an effective laser cooling and trapping for heavy alkaline earth elements and
aims in particular for a better understanding of the atomic wave function of
these systems. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structures are ideal probes for the
wave functions at the position of the nucleus. This is essential input for a
theoretical evaluation of the sensitivity to fundamental symmetry breaking
properties like permanent electric dipole moments. We report the first isotope
shift measurements of the D-P transitions. A deviation of
the King plot from its expected behavior has been observed. Further we have
optically resolved the hyperfine structure of the D states.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Magneto optical trapping of Barium
First laser cooling and trapping of the heavy alkaline earth element barium
has been achieved based on the strong 6s S - 6s6p P
transition for the main cooling. Due to the large branching into metastable
D-states several additional laser driven transitions are required to provide a
closed cooling cycle. A total efficiency of for slowing
a thermal atomic beam and capturing atoms into a magneto optical trap was
obtained. Trapping lifetimes of more than 1.5 s were observed. This lifetime is
shortened at high laser intensities by photo ionization losses. The developed
techniques will allow to extend significantly the number of elements that can
be optically cooled and trapped.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Neosho County, Kansas
Neosho County has an area of 576 square miles and is within the Osage Plains section of the Central Lowlands province of eastern Kansas. Sedimentary rocks of Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian(?), Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Tertiary, and Quaternary ages overlie the Precambrian basement complex, and they have a thickness of 2,100 feet. Rocks exposed in the county are of Pennsylvanian, Tertiary, and Quaternary ages that attain a thickness of 700 feet. Structure is controlled by the Prairie Plains Monocline in which the exposed Pennsylvanian rocks dip northwest at about 20 feet per mile.
Wells in consolidated rocks of Pennsylvanian age yield less than 1 gallon per minute of water from some limestone and shale aquifers to more than 30 gallons per minute from sandstone aquifers. The water from the consolidated aquifers is highly mineralized, but the sandstones tend to yield a softer, less mineralized water. Wells within unconsolidated Pleistocene alluvial deposits yield up to 30 gallons per minute.
The chief use of the ground water is for domestic and stock purposes, whereas all municipal systems use treated surface water. The estimated total use of ground water in 1961 was 109 million gallons (334 acre-feet)
Absolute frequency measurement of the 7s S 7s7p P transition in Ra
Transition frequencies were determined for transitions in Ra in an atomic
beam and for reference lines in Te molecules in a vapor cell. The absolute
frequencies were calibrated against a GPS stabilized Rb-clock by means of an
optical frequency comb. The 7s^2\,^1S(F = 1/2)-7s7p\,^1P(F = 3/2)
transition in Ra was determined to be MHz. The
measurements provide input for designing efficient and robust laser cooling of
Ra atoms in preparation of a search for a permanent electric dipole moment in
Ra isotopes.Comment: Accepted for publication in the rapid communication of Physical
review
Radium single-ion optical clock
We explore the potential of the electric quadrupole transitions
7s\,^2S_{1/2} - 6d\,^2D_{3/2}, 6d\,^2D_{5/2} in radium isotopes as
single-ion optical frequency standards. The frequency shifts of the clock
transitions due to external fields and the corresponding uncertainties are
calculated. Several competitive Ra candidates with 223 - 229 are
identified. In particular, we show that the transition
7s\,^2S_{1/2}\,(F=2,m_F=0) - 6d\,^2D_{3/2}\,(F=0,m_F=0) at 828 nm in
Ra, with no linear Zeeman and electric quadrupole shifts, stands
out as a relatively simple case, which could be exploited as a compact, robust,
and low-cost atomic clock operating at a fractional frequency uncertainty of
. With more experimental effort, the Ra clocks
could be pushed to a projected performance reaching the level.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur
Dual Magnetic Separator for TRIP
The TRIP facility, under construction at KVI, requires the production
and separation of short-lived and rare isotopes. Direct reactions,
fragmentation and fusion-evaporation reactions in normal and inverse kinematics
are foreseen to produce nuclides of interest with a variety of heavy-ion beams
from the superconducting cyclotron AGOR. For this purpose, we have designed,
constructed and commissioned a versatile magnetic separator that allows
efficient injection into an ion catcher, i.e., gas-filled stopper/cooler or
thermal ionizer, from which a low energy radioactive beam will be extracted.
The separator performance was tested with the production and clean separation
of Na ions, where a beam purity of 99.5% could be achieved. For
fusion-evaporation products, some of the features of its operation as a
gas-filled recoil separator were tested.Comment: accepted by Nucl.Instr. Meth., final versio
Microalgae: Bioremediation of effluents with microalgae strains.
Microalgae strains capable of promoting the biological reduction of the organic and inorganic loads of effluents, achieving high biomass productivity and assimilating CO2 emitted by agro-industrial production processes.TC 214
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