L-glutamine and L-glutamate in diets with different lactose levels for piglets weaned at 21 days of age

This study was developed to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in diets with no lactose or with 4.0 or 8.0% lactose inclusion for piglets weaned at 21 days old. One hundred and eight piglets with initial weight of 6.12±0.70 kg were allotted in a complete randomized block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with six treatments, six replicates, and three piglets per experimental unit. The experimental diets were supplied from 21 to 35 days. From 36 to 49 days, animals received the same diet with no lactose inclusion, but the animals in the treatments with L-glutamine + L-glutamate in the previous phase continued to receive diets containing these ingredients. There was no interaction between the level of lactose and the inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate on the parameters evaluated. The levels of lactose did not affect the performance of piglets in either of the two periods. Adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in the diet positively influenced the weight gain of pigs from 21 to 49 days of age and increased the villous height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age improves the performance and the intestinal mucosa morphology, regardless of lactose addition

New record of Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont ex Gomont (Oscillatoriales - Cyanophyta) for the continental shelf of northeastern Brazil

This study reports the first occurrence of Trichodesmiumthiebautii Gomont ex Gomont on the coast of northeastern Brazil. Samples were gathered during the rainy season (July 2005) and the dry season (November 2006) at six stations distributed along two perpendicular profiles of the coast of Pernambuco (8º18'S - 34º56'W and 8º32'S - 35º00'W). T. thiebautii was found during both periods of the year and at the six collection stations, forming colonies in the form of clusters or more rarely, bundles, with straight cylindrical trichomes, quadratic or slightly longer cells, with widths between 5-10 µm and heights of 3-15 µm. The hydrological variables presented small variations, contributing to wide distribution of the species

Lactose levels in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age Níveis de lactose em rações para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade

With the objective of evaluating levels of lactose in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age, it was carried out an experiment with 72 animals, with average weight of 6.12 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design with four diets (0, 4, 8, and 12% lactose), six replicates, and 3 animals per experimental unit. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 21 to 35 days of age and they were fed a lactose-free basal diet from 36 to 49 days of age. The lactose levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The use of lactose levels in the diets also did not affect performance of the piglets assessed from 21 to 49 days old. Diets also did not influence villous height, crypt depth and villous:crypt ratio. Lactose resulted in greater diversity and balance of the intestinal microbial community. The Lactobalillus spp. richness increases with the addition of lactose in diet up to the level of 8% in relation to the total number of intestinal microorganisms, which may a possible improvement of intestinal health.<br>Com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de lactose em rações para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, foi realizado um experimento com 72 animais com peso inicial médio de 6,10 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro rações (0, 4, 8 e 12% de lactose), seis repetições e três animais por unidade experimental. Os animais foram alimentados com as rações experimentais no período de 21 a 35 dias de idade e, no período de 36 a 49 dias, receberam uma ração basal isenta de lactose. Os níveis de lactose não afetaram o ganho diário de peso, o consumo diário de ração e a conversão alimentar dos leitões de 21 a 35 dias. O uso de lactose nas rações também não afetou o desempenho dos leitões avaliados dos 21 aos 49 dias de idade. As rações também não influenciaram a altura das vilosidades, a profundidade de criptas e a relação vilosidade:cripta. A lactose proporcionou maior diversidade e equilíbrio da comunidade microbiana intestinal. A riqueza microbiana de Lactobacillus spp. aumenta com a adição de lactose na ração até o nível de 8% em relação ao número total de microrganismos intestinais, o que indica possível melhora da saúde intestinal