3 research outputs found
Sawfly genomes reveal evolutionary acquisitions that fostered the mega-radiation of parasitoid and eusocial Hymenoptera
- Author
- Baa-Puyoulet Patrice
- Benoit Joshua
- Beukeboom Leo
- Bornberg-Bauer Erich
- Buttstedt Anja
- Calevro Federica
- Cash Elizabeth
- Chao Hsu
- Charles Hubert
- Chen Mei-Ju May
- Childers Christopher
- Cridge Andrew
- Dearden Peter
- Dinh Huyen
- Doddapaneni Harsha Vardhan
- Dolan Amanda
- Donath Alexander
- Dowling Daniel
- Dugan Shannon
- Duncan Elizabeth
- Elpidina Elena
- Friedrich Markus
- Geuverink Elzemiek
- Gibbs Richard
- Gibson Joshua
- Grath Sonja
- Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis
- Grosse-Wilde Ewald
- Gudobba Cameron
- Han Yi
- Hansson Bill,
- Hatakeyama Masatsugu
- Hauser Frank
- Hughes Daniel
- Ioannidis Panagiotis
- Jacquin-Joly Emmanuelle,
- Jennings Emily
- Jones Jeffery
- Klasberg Steffen
- Lee Sandra
- LesnĂœ Peter
- Lovegrove Mackenzie
- Marcus von Reumont Björn
- Martin Sebastian
- Martynov Alexander
- Mayer Christoph
- Misof Bernhard
- Montagné Nicolas,
- Moris Victoria
- Murali Shwetha Canchi
- Muzny Donna
- Muñoz-Torres Monica
- Niehuis Oliver
- Oeyen Jan Philip
- Oppert Brenda
- Parisot Nicolas
- Pauli Thomas
- Persyn Emma
- Peters Ralph
- Petersen Malte
- Pick Christian
- Podsiadlowski Lars
- Poelchau Monica
- Provataris Panagiotis
- Qu Jiaxin
- Reijnders Maarten
- Richards Stephen
- Rosendale Andrew
- Simao Felipe
- Skelly John
- Sotiropoulos Alexandros
- Stahl Aaron
- Sumitani Megumi
- Szuter Elise
- Tidswell Olivia
- Tsitlakidis Evangelos
- van de Zande Louis
- Vedder Lucia
- Waterhouse Robert
- Werren John
- Wilbrandt Jeanne
- Worley Kim
- Yamamoto Daisuke
- Zdobnov Evgeny,
- Ziesmann Tanja
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 22/05/2020
- Field of study
International audienceThe tremendous diversity of Hymenoptera is commonly attributed to the evolution of parasitoidism in the last common ancestor of parasitoid sawflies (Orussidae) and wasp-waisted Hymenoptera (Apocrita). However, Apocrita and Orussidae differ dramatically in their species richness, indicating that the diversification of Apocrita was promoted by additional traits. These traits have remained elusive due to a paucity of sawfly genome sequences, in particular those of parasitoid sawflies. Here, we present comparative analyses of draft genomes of the primarily phytophagous sawfly Athalia rosae and the parasitoid sawfly Orussus abietinus. Our analyses revealed that the ancestral hymenopteran genome exhibited traits that were previously considered unique to eusocial Apocrita (e.g., low transposable element content and activity) and a wider gene repertoire than previously thought (e.g., genes for CO2 detection). Moreover, we discovered that Apocrita evolved a significantly larger array of odorant receptors than sawflies, which could be relevant to the remarkable diversification of Apocrita by enabling efficient detection and reliable identification of hosts
Resistance and Pathogenicity: Epidemiological and Ecological Mechanisms
- Author
- A Dinoor
- A Lebeda
- A Lebeda
- A Matta
- A Segal
- A Wellving
- AC Hastie
- AH Eenink
- AH Hamid
- AH Hamid
- AN Jarosz
- AW King
- BA Nilsson
- BB Kinloch
- BC Clarke
- BD Harrison
- BK Huang
- BK Huang
- BR Trenbath
- BR Trenbath
- C Gessler
- C Person
- C Person
- C Person
- C Populer
- C Stevens
- C Stevens
- CJ Delp
- CJ Putter
- CM Brasier
- D Briggs
- D Louvel
- DA Johnson
- DC McGee
- DI Rouse
- DR Knott
- DR Knott
- DR MacKenzie
- DR Marshall
- DR Marshall
- DR Marshall
- DR Marshall
- DW Hollomon
- DW Hollomon
- E Griffiths
- E Griffiths
- E Pochard
- E Schwarzbach
- EG Brittain
- EH Pommer
- EM Hansen
- F Schonbeck
- F Schonbeck
- FGA Bennett
- FGR Bennett
- FT Last
- G Shaner
- G Shaner
- G Skylakakis
- G Skylakakis
- G Skylakakis
- G Zitelli
- GC Varley
- GD Parry
- GI McDonald
- GJF Pugh
- GN Agrios
- GR Conway
- GR Dixon
- GS Sidhu
- GS Sidhu
- GWF Sewell
- H Jeffery
- H Mussell
- H Mussell
- H Mussell
- H Ostergaard
- H Ostergaard
- HJ Aust
- I Hanski
- IN Longini
- IR Crute
- IW Buddenhagen
- IW Buddenhagen
- J Antonovics
- J Horsten
- J Jaenike
- J Kranz
- J Maszkiewicz
- J Maynard Smith
- J Maynard Smith
- J Palti
- J Roughgarden
- J Varughese
- JA Barrett
- JA Barrett
- JA Barrett
- JA Barrett
- JA Barrett
- JA Barrett
- JA Browning
- JA Browning
- JA Browning
- JC Zadoks
- JC Zadoks
- JD Oates
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Parlevliet
- JE Rohe
- JE Vanderplank
- JE Vanderplank
- JE Vanderplank
- JE Vanderplank
- JF Brown
- JF Shafer
- JH Andrews
- JH Connell
- JH Frecha
- JJ Burden
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JJ Burdon
- JK Sharma
- JL Apple
- JL Harper
- JL Norelli
- JM Thresh
- JM Thresh
- JM Tuyl Van
- JP Grime
- JP Hill
- JP Hill
- JP Thompson
- JR Barrett
- JR Browning
- JR Harlan
- JU Grath
- JU Groth
- JU Groth
- JU Groth
- JU Groth
- JU Groth
- JV Groth
- JV Groth
- JW Lorbeer
- K Politowski
- KJ Leonard
- KJ Leonard
- KJ Leonard
- KJ Leonard
- KJ Leonard
- KJ Tegtmeier
- KM Chin
- L Sundheim
- L Sundheim
- LC Birch
- LE Browder
- LE Browder
- LE Browder
- LR Ginzburg
- LU Gregory
- M Chandrashekar
- M Chandrashekar
- M Cirulli
- M Falahati-Rastegar
- M Falahati-Rastegar
- M Grindle
- M Mangel
- MF Clairidge
- MH Royer
- MJ Jeger
- MJ Jeger
- MJ Jeger
- MJ Walle Van de
- MM Griggs
- MR Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MW Grant
- ND Simons
- NG Anderson
- NJ Jeger
- NJ Jeger
- NJ Jeger
- NJ Jeger
- NJ Jeger
- NJ Jeger
- NJC Asher
- OH Frankel
- OM Sorarrain
- P Leroux
- P Yu
- PA Ianch
- PC Cunningham
- PE Beale
- PE Beale
- PE Waggoner
- PF Kable
- PF Kable
- PG Ayres
- PN Hyde
- PR Day
- PR Day
- PR Scott
- PR Scott
- PR Scott
- PS Petraitis
- R Johnson
- R Johnson
- R Johnson
- R Johnson
- R Kiyosawa
- R Margalef
- RA Fleming
- RA Robinson
- RA Robinson
- RA Schmidt
- RC Lewontin
- RC Seem
- RD Berger
- RD Wilcoxson
- RE Gaunt
- RE Stall
- RG Rees
- RG Rees
- RG Wright
- RH Eenink
- RH MacArthur
- RH Priestley
- RL Hooker
- RL Villareal
- RM May
- RM May
- RM May
- RN Kulkarni
- RN Kulkarni
- RP Davis
- RP Roelfs
- RP Roelfs
- RR Fleming
- RR Fleming
- RR Fleming
- RR Nelson
- RR Nelson
- RS Inouye
- RW Michelmore
- S Kiyosawa
- S Kiyosawa
- S Kiyosawa
- S Kiyosawa
- S Kiyosawa
- S Nagarajan
- SA Levin
- SD Jayakar
- SD Pimm
- SG Cunard
- SG Georgopoulos
- SL Ball
- T Danon
- TC Kilen
- TG Whitman
- TH Abd-El Moity
- US Aamodt
- VD Luedders
- W Heijbroek
- WA Heather
- WD Hamilton
- WJ Neervoort
- WJ Tolmsoff
- WW Anderson
- WW Murdoch
- Y Cohen
- Y Levy
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1985
- Field of study
Enhanced infection prophylaxis reduces mortality in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults and older children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe: the REALITY trial
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- Abach J
- Abdallah J
- Abdallah S
- Abdallah S
- Aberle-Grasse J
- Abimiku A
- Abishev A
- Abongomera G
- Aboud M
- Aboud M
- Abramovitz D
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abravaya K
- Abreu L
- Achra A
- Adera F
- Adetokunboh O
- Adeyemi O
- Adeyemi O
- Adipo T
- Affolabi D
- Agegnehu D
- Agius P
- Agolory S
- Agot K
- Agot K
- Agovi A-A
- Aguiar P
- Aguilar-Martinez J
- Agutu C
- Ahmed M
- Ahmed R
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed S
- Aizire J
- Ajibola G
- Ajok S
- Albert-Hope C
- Alejos B
- Alexander G
- Alicea C
- Allen H
- Allen M
- Allen S
- Allen S
- Allen S
- Alloui C
- Altice F
- Altice F
- Amara R
- Ambani A
- Ambrose K
- Amico R
- Amin J
- Amin T
- Amole C
- Amoros I
- Anahtar M
- Ananworanich J
- Ananworanich J
- Ancuta P
- Andama A
- Anderegg N
- Anderson A
- Anderson A
- Anderson E
- Anderson J
- Anderson J
- Anderson S
- Andersson M
- Andrade A
- Andrew E
- Andrew P
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- Andrews L
- Angel J
- Angelidou K
- Anglaret X
- Anoma C
- Ansari A
- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apollon A
- Apondi E
- Aptekar S
- Ardiet D
- Arellano G
- Arenas-Pinto A
- Arhel N
- Armstrong D
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- Arunmanakul A
- Asari V
- Asege L
- Asiimwe S
- Asiimwe S
- Asiimwe S
- Asokan M
- Aspin C
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- Atuhumuza E
- Atujuna M
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- Auld A
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- Aurpibul L
- Aurpibul L
- Avalos A
- Avihingsanon A
- Avihingsanon A
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- Awori Q
- Awotwi E
- Ayala V
- Ayalew M
- Ayaya S
- Ayieko J
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- Aylott A
- Azar M
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- Publication venue
- 'International AIDS Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Meeting abstract FRAB0101LB from 21st International AIDS Conference 18â22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa.
Introduction: Mortality from infections is high in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease in subâSaharan Africa. Whether an enhanced package of infection prophylaxis at ART initiation would reduce mortality is unknown.
Methods:
The REALITY 2Ă2Ă2 factorial openâlabel trial (ISRCTN43622374) randomized ARTânaĂŻve HIVâinfected adults and children >5 years with CD4 <100 cells/mm3. This randomization compared initiating ART with enhanced prophylaxis (continuous cotrimoxazole plus 12 weeks isoniazid/pyridoxine (antiâtuberculosis) and fluconazole (antiâcryptococcal/candida), 5 days azithromycin (antiâbacterial/protozoal) and singleâdose albendazole (antiâhelminth)), versus standardâofâcare cotrimoxazole. Isoniazid/pyridoxine/cotrimoxazole was formulated as a scored fixedâdose combination. Two other randomizations investigated 12âweek adjunctive raltegravir or supplementary food. The primary endpoint was 24âweek mortality.
Results:
1805 eligible adults (n = 1733; 96.0%) and children/adolescents (n = 72; 4.0%) (median 36 years; 53.2% male) were randomized to enhanced (n = 906) or standard prophylaxis (n = 899) and followed for 48 weeks (3.8% lossâtoâfollowâup). Median baseline CD4 was 36 cells/mm3 (IQR: 16â62) but 47.3% were WHO Stage 1/2. 80 (8.9%) enhanced versus 108(12.2%) standard prophylaxis died before 24 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54â0.97) p = 0.03; Figure 1) and 98(11.0%) versus 127(14.4%) respectively died before 48 weeks (aHR = 0.75 (0.58â0.98) p = 0.04), with no evidence of interaction with the two other randomizations (p > 0.8). Enhanced prophylaxis significantly reduced incidence of tuberculosis (p = 0.02), cryptococcal disease (p = 0.01), oral/oesophageal candidiasis (p = 0.02), deaths of unknown cause (p = 0.02) and (marginally) hospitalisations (p = 0.06) but not presumed severe bacterial infections (p = 0.38). Serious and grade 4 adverse events were marginally less common with enhanced prophylaxis (p = 0.06). CD4 increases and VL suppression were similar between groups (p > 0.2).
Conclusions:
Enhanced infection prophylaxis at ART initiation reduces early mortality by 25% among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease. The pill burden did not adversely affect VL suppression. Policy makers should consider adopting and implementing this lowâcost broad infection prevention package which could save 3.3 lives for every 100 individuals treated