Flowfield measurements in a model scramjet combustion using laser-induced iodine fluorescence

Preliminary designs were completed for an iodine mixing chamber and the optical setup to be used with a modified wind tunnel in obtaining accurate, spatially resolved measurements of variables in the flowfield of a model nonreacting scramjet combustor. Schematics of the iodine-seeded wind tunnel and a sketch of the charcoal filter for removing the iodine are included along with a cutaway section of the laboratory

An innovative approach to compensator design

The design is considered of a computer-aided-compensator for a control system from a frequency domain point of view. The design technique developed is based on describing the open loop frequency response by n discrete frequency points which result in n functions of the compensator coefficients. Several of these functions are chosen so that the system specifications are properly portrayed; then mathematical programming is used to improve all of these functions which have values below minimum standards. To do this, several definitions in regard to measuring the performance of a system in the frequency domain are given, e.g., relative stability, relative attenuation, proper phasing, etc. Next, theorems which govern the number of compensator coefficients necessary to make improvements in a certain number of functions are proved. After this a mathematical programming tool for aiding in the solution of the problem is developed. This tool is called the constraint improvement algorithm. Then for applying the constraint improvement algorithm generalized, gradients for the constraints are derived. Finally, the necessary theory is incorporated in a Computer program called CIP (compensator Improvement Program). The practical usefulness of CIP is demonstrated by two large system examples

The war on words : the Office of Censorship in World War II

The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of research of the United States Office of Censorship from the birth of that office in 1941 to its timely death in 1945. Jim Heath, in his article, “Domestic America during World War II: Research Opportunities for Historians,” provided the impetus for the research that has resulted in this paper. Professor Heath states that most histories of World War II have relegated the American domestic scene to a secondary place in the process of reporting on the more exciting diplomatic and military aspects of the period. He suggests that historians analyze the various published histories of the many short-lived bureaucratic offices necessitated by the contingencies of World War II. One of these offices was the U.S. Office of Censorship

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Creativity And Socio-Economic Status, Race And Sex Of Seventh-Grade Pupils.

This study investigated the relationship between the selected variables of socioeconomic status (SES), race and sex of seventh grade students as measured by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Verbal Form A and Figural Form B were administered to 192 seventh grade students. Fouty-eight Asain, 48 black, 48 Spanish surnamed and 48 white students, each equally distributed across the SES levels were chosen using a partially stratified random sampling procedure. Half of each group was male. The data were analyzed using a three way analysis of variance procedure

The Copper and Iron Content of Some Texas Vegetables

The importance of iron and copper in the Human body as well as in the human diet has been clearly established. In keeping with the progress of sciences, the Department of Natural Sciences at Prairie View State Noraml and Industrial College is making a study and comparison of results and facts, established in other sections of the country. The Author has chosen this subject because of the recent interest manifested in the mineral content of vegetables in other sections, and chiefly because of his interests in analytical chemistry and research. No available data on the mineral contents of Texas vegetables has been published, especially with reference to copper and iron contents. In the course of the analysis, the author hopes to establish a table, or tables, showing the copper and iron contents of vegetables, and the copper and iron effeciency of vegetables in this section. It is his hope that this information will prove to be reliable, and that it will prove of informational value not only to the members of the Science Department, but to all other individuals interested in Health and Nutrition. It is the belief of the author taht such imformation, in the course of time, will have a practical value, as well as an increased value in regard to Theory. Extensive tables of the copper and iron content of vegetables have been prepared by authors in other sections,(16), (17)

Theology of the Real Economy : Christian Economic Ethics in an Age of Financialization

“Financialization” is a term that has come to describe the process by which economic activity shifts from the “real” production of goods and services to ever more complex forms of financial transacting. Religious critics of practices that led to the financial crisis admonish behaviors commonly associated with financialization, yet these criticisms offer incompletely articulated ideals of what constitutes real economic production from the perspective of their faith traditions. This paper contends that Christianity has the potential to transform the nature of finance and investment but only if theologians and ethicists provide more tangible definition to what is real in economic life—particularly in the labyrinth of finance—and thus help guide religious consumers and investors in market decisions. Evidence of financialization is analyzed and Christian responses to it are surveyed. Nascent elements of a theology of the real economy from contributors such as D. Stephen Long and William Cavanaugh provide a possible way forward in the much-needed transformation of the financial culture

Metal salt catalyzed carbenoids II

The interaction of diazomalonic esters with olefins in the presence of homogeneous Cu(II) catalyst species has been examined relating to olefin structure effects and catalyst structure effects using partial rate data as a method of determining the mechanistic aspects of the various reactions. It has been possible to examine the mechanistic details of cyclopropanation, C-H insertion, and both dimer forming reactions. Cyclopropanation proceeds via a transition state including olefin, copper (II), ligands, and carbene C-H insertion results from hydrogen abstraction prior to collapse of the transition state. Dimer is formed by the attack of diazo compound on the carbenoid carbon, with subsequent trans elimination of nitrogen and catalyst. The first copper catalyzed decomposition of a Δ-1 pyrazoline has been observed --Abstract, page iii

Compensator improvement for multivariable control systems

A theory and the associated numerical technique are developed for an iterative design improvement of the compensation for linear, time-invariant control systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. A strict constraint algorithm is used in obtaining a solution of the specified constraints of the control design. The result of the research effort is the multiple input, multiple output Compensator Improvement Program (CIP). The objective of the Compensator Improvement Program is to modify in an iterative manner the free parameters of the dynamic compensation matrix so that the system satisfies frequency domain specifications. In this exposition, the underlying principles of the multivariable CIP algorithm are presented and the practical utility of the program is illustrated with space vehicle related examples

Investigation of laser-induced iodine fluorescence for the measurement of density in compressible flows

Laser induced fluorescence is an attractive nonintrusive approach for measuring molecular number density in compressible flows although this technique does not produce a signal that is directly related to the number density. Saturation and frequency detuned excitation are explored as means for minimizing the quenching effect using iodine as the molecular system because of its convenient absorption spectrum. Saturation experiments indicate that with available continuous wave laser sources of Gaussian transverse intensity distribution only partial saturation could be achieved in iodine at the pressures of interest in gas dynamics. Using a fluorescence lineshape theory, it is shown that for sufficiently large detuning of a narrow bandwidth laser from a molecular transition, the quenching can be cancelled by collisional broadening over a large range of pressures and temperatures. Experimental data obtained in a Mach 4.3 underexpanded jet of nitrogen seeded with iodine for various single mode argon laser detunings from a strong iodine transition at 5145 A are discussed

An Exploration of Heterogeneity in Electronic Medical Record Use: Information Technology Use as Emergent and Driven by Values and Expertise

We explore heterogeneity in the use of an organization-wide information technology (IT) by both individuals and groups in a professional organization. We study electronic medical record use by physicians and clinic work groups in two medical practices operating within one multi-specialty health care clinic. Data collection methods include interviews, non-participant observations, and questionnaires. Drawing on theories of professional organizations and complex adaptive systems, we offer as an explanation of heterogeneity in IT use by individuals that IT use is a function of professional values and expertise and of heterogeneity of IT use in groups the insight that IT use at a collective level is an emergent property arising from the interactions of diverse, learning agents. This study contributes to information systems research by enriching current understandings of IT use and by providing new insights about heterogeneous IT use in professional organizations