Federal Taxation of Corporate Unifications: A Review of Legislative Policy

Throughout most of the twentieth century, federal tax laws have permitted nonrecognition of gain in specified corporate reorganizations. This article traces the legislative history of the nonrecognition provisions and discusses some of their resulting economic effects. The author concludes that present tax treatment of mergers and other corporate unifications needs congressional reexamination

REINSTATEMENT OF EMPLOYEES UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

The Fair Labor Standards Act is one of several comprehensive federal enactments regulating the relationship between employers and their employees in interstate commerce. These enactments have not followed a common pattern, nor have the means provided for their effective administration and enforcement been the same in each instance. Taken together, however, they establish our national labor policy. The underlying theory of this policy is that employees do not stand upon an equal footing with organized management and are unable to exert, individually, sufficient bargaining power to prevent management from imposing upon them conditions of employment detrimental to their welfare and inimical to the public interest; and, therefore, that it is the function of government to redress this inequality by imposing certain minimum standards of conduct. Generally speaking, the effect of these standards is to restrict the employer\u27s freedom of action and guarantee to the employees certain fundamental rights

A Follow-up Study On The Status Of Farmers In The Burkeville Independent School District, Newton County Texas During The Period 1943-1953

III Southeast Texas, In the eastern part of Newton County, there is a school district known as Burkeville Independent School District. This district boasts of a population of approximately seven hundred and has an economy that is mainly agrarian in nature. The second-ranking Industry is the timber Industry. The main farm products are corn, cotton, potatoes, garden vegetables, sorghum, sugar cane, and melons. In this school district, there are large family units, each having from five to fourteen members. There is a consolidated school, and children fromm eight surrounding communities commute daily by school buses, A large percentage finish high school but there are absentees shown in the principal\u27s office by boys and girls who stay home to assist with duties of the home and farm work. This is because the father is the chief wage earner and the budget must be planned wisely in order that the family may be properly fed, clothed, and a few of the available modern conveniences enjoyed. A favorable social and economic environment for farm people is an essential factor in the development of an efficient agricultural program. Franklin says To readjust agriculture and place it upon a basis of greater profit, to reconstruct the rural home, and to give country life more dignity was the main purpose A. D. Graham had In mind when he organised 4-H Club work for boys and girls In the State of Ohio in 1905

JURISDICTION OF EMPLOYEE SUITS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

The statutory authority for employee suits under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is found in section 16(b). Suits under this section have been instituted in both state and federal courts. In practically every case the defendant has, by a motion to dismiss, challenged the jurisdiction of the court. The usual ground for the challenge in the state courts is that such suits seek to recover penalties incurred under a statute of the United States, and are, therefore, within the exclusive jurisdiction of the district courts of the United States. The jurisdiction of the federal district courts is generally challenged because of a lack of diversity of citizenship between the parties or because the plaintiff seeks recovery of a sum less than $3,000

A perpetual switching system in pulmonary capillaries

Of the 300 billion capillaries in the human lung, a small fraction meet normal oxygen requirements at rest, with the remainder forming a large reserve. The maximum oxygen demands of the acute stress response require that the reserve capillaries are rapidly recruited. To remain primed for emergencies, the normal cardiac output must be parceled throughout the capillary bed to maintain low opening pressures. The flow-distributing system requires complex switching. Because the pulmonary microcirculation contains contractile machinery, one hypothesis posits an active switching system. The opposing hypothesis is based on passive switching that requires no regulation. Both hypotheses were tested ex vivo in canine lung lobes. The lobes were perfused first with autologous blood, and capillary switching patterns were recorded by videomicroscopy. Next, the vasculature of the lobes was saline flushed, fixed by glutaraldehyde perfusion, flushed again, and then reperfused with the original, unfixed blood. Flow patterns through the same capillaries were recorded again. The 16-min-long videos were divided into 4-s increments. Each capillary segment was recorded as being perfused if at least one red blood cell crossed the entire segment. Otherwise it was recorded as unperfused. These binary measurements were made manually for each segment during every 4 s throughout the 16-min recordings of the fresh and fixed capillaries (>60,000 measurements). Unexpectedly, the switching patterns did not change after fixation. We conclude that the pulmonary capillaries can remain primed for emergencies without requiring regulation: no detectors, no feedback loops, and no effectors-a rare system in biology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The fluctuating flow patterns of red blood cells within the pulmonary capillary networks have been assumed to be actively controlled within the pulmonary microcirculation. Here we show that the capillary flow switching patterns in the same network are the same whether the lungs are fresh or fixed. This unexpected observation can be successfully explained by a new model of pulmonary capillary flow based on chaos theory and fractal mathematics

Orbiting meteoroid and debris counting experiment

The Orbiting Meteoroid and Debris Counting Experiment (OMDC) flew for approximately 90 days in a highly elliptical earth orbit onboard the Clementine Interstage Adapter (ISA) Spacecraft. This experiment obtained data on the impact flux of natural micrometeoroids and it provided limited information on the population of small mass man-made debris as a function of altitude in near earth space. The flight of the OMDC experiment on the ISA spacecraft also demonstrated that the ultra-lightweight, low-power, particle impact detector system that was used is a viable system for flights on future spacecraft to monitor the population of small mass man-made debris particles and to map the cosmic dust environment encountered on interplanetary missions. An overview of the ISA spacecraft mission, the approach to the OMDC experiment, and the data obtained by the experiment are presented