The role of cross-training in swim-related injuries in master’s swimmers

Orthopedic injuries often interfere with Masters athletes’ pursuit of better performance and might place economic burden on these athletes. PURPOSE: We determined if the incidence of injuries increases with age and the economic burden associated with these injuries and whether the participation in cross-training (running, cycling, dryland resistance training) would reduce swim-related injuries in Masters swimmers. METHODS: An online, comprehensive questionnaire was sent to members of United States Masters Swimming (USMS). Response was received from 499 swimmers (294 females, 20-86 years). Economic burden was determined by total healthcare costs. Binary logistic regression was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) of having an injury, using age as a predictor. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between injury length and healthcare costs. RESULTS: Participants had been swimming for 13.3±11.5 years, and 47%, 35%, and 40% participated in dryland resistance training, running, and cycling, respectively. For every 1 year increase in age, the odds of having an injury increased by 1.6% (OR=1.016, 95% CI= 1.001-1.030; p<0.05). For every 1 month increase in the length of swim-related injury, healthcare costs increased by 7.4% (p<0.05). The OR for having a swim-related injury were significantly less for individuals who participated in each form of cross-training compared with those who did not (p<0.05 for all). The OR for having a swim-related injury was significantly less for those who reported participating in any number of cross-training activities compared with those who did not participate in any (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Swim-related injuries increased with advancing age; with longer injuries leading to higher healthcare costs. Participating in any form or any number of cross-training activities attenuated the odds of having an injury in Masters swimmersKinesiology and Health Educatio

A Predator-Prey Model with an Application to Lake Victoria Fisheries

Greater complexity in renewable resource models is achieved by acknowledging that species interact through a predator-prey relationship in which both species are harvested. The price of greater complexity is that traditional concepts, such as maximum sustained yield (MSY), have to be revised dramatically. Moreover, having chosen greater complexity, fishery biologists and other researchers must choose an explicit value for each fish, a rate of exchange of one species for every other species. Policy makers and social scientists in Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda with a keen interest in Lake Victoria fisheries regard the resource as a tool for furthering socioeconomic goals, such as foreign exchange earnings, employment for women, and nutrition. Comparative analysis allows policy makers to understand the consequences of choosing these goals in addition to economically efficient resource use. Foreign exchange earnings, employment for women, and healthy people are other goals promulgated by Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda in the management of Lake Victoria Fisheries. The conflicts among social goals are evident in the bioeconomic predator-prey model: a goal favoring a particular species reduces the sustainable harvest of another species. Data from Kenya are used to estimate the population dynamics equations.predator-prey, bioeconomic model, Lake Victoria, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q22, Q28,

Finding Tivoli: An Archaeological Search for William Richardson Davie's Home at Land's Ford, Chester County, South Carolina

Research Report No. 22, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present

Detroit Housing Code Enforcement and Community Renewal: A Study in Futility

This article will demonstrate that the inconsistency is, to a large extent, more apparent than real and results from the application of two different conceptions of the purpose of the program to the same facts. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that Detroit\u27s Building (housing) Code has failed in its attempt to force rehabilitation of residential structures through Code enforcement. Although it can be made to work more efficiently, the Code will never serve as an effective solution to the housing problem

An Archaeological Investigation of the South Portico at Gerrard Hall on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Campus

Research Report No. 24, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present

BotSitter

As society progresses into an era where both parents work, whether it is online or in person, children in the home may be put in dangerous situations if they are not given the attention they need. The BotSitter is an automated system that follows the child around and makes an audio alarm to alert both the child and the nearby guardian. Using RSSI trilateration, predetermined danger areas, and embedded controls, the BotSitter will be able to follow the child. The device can manage to keep track of the child for the guardian while being almost completely automated outside of setup

Ares-I-X Vehicle Preliminary Range Safety Malfunction Turn Analysis

Ares-I-X is the designation given to the flight test version of the Ares-I rocket (also known as the Crew Launch Vehicle - CLV) being developed by NASA. As part of the preliminary flight plan approval process for the test vehicle, a range safety malfunction turn analysis was performed to support the launch area risk assessment and vehicle destruct criteria development processes. Several vehicle failure scenarios were identified which could cause the vehicle trajectory to deviate from its normal flight path, and the effects of these failures were evaluated with an Ares-I-X 6 degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) digital simulation, using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories Version 2 (POST2) simulation framework. The Ares-I-X simulation analysis provides output files containing vehicle state information, which are used by other risk assessment and vehicle debris trajectory simulation tools to determine the risk to personnel and facilities in the vicinity of the launch area at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and to develop the vehicle destruct criteria used by the flight test range safety officer. The simulation analysis approach used for this study is described, including descriptions of the failure modes which were considered and the underlying assumptions and ground rules of the study, and preliminary results are presented, determined by analysis of the trajectory deviation of the failure cases, compared with the expected vehicle trajectory

2009 Archaeological Investigations at Town Creek Indian Mound State Historic Site

Research Report No. 30, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present

Archaeology at Ashe Ferry: Late Woodland and Middle Mississippian Period Occupations in the Lower Catawba River Valley, York County, South Carolina

Research Report No. 36, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present