Body shape and size in 6-year old children: assessment by three-dimensional photonic scanning.

BACKGROUND: Body shape and size are typically described using measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, which predict disease risks in adults. However, this approach may underestimate the true variability in childhood body shape and size. OBJECTIVE: To use a comprehensive three-dimensional photonic scan approach to describe variation in childhood body shape and size. SUBJECTS/METHODS: At age 6 years, 3350 children from the population-based 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study were assessed by three-dimensional photonic scanner, traditional anthropometry and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on height and 24 photonic scan variables (circumferences, lengths/widths, volumes and surface areas). RESULTS: PCA identified four independent components of children's body shape and size, which we termed: Corpulence, Central:peripheral ratio, Height and arm lengths, and Shoulder diameter. Corpulence showed strong correlations with traditional anthropometric and body composition measures (r>0.90 with weight, BMI, waist circumference and fat mass; r>0.70 with height, lean mass and bone mass); in contrast, the other three components showed weak or moderate correlations with those measures (all r<0.45). There was no sex difference in Corpulence, but boys had higher Central:peripheral ratio, Height and arm lengths and Shoulder diameter values than girls. Furthermore, children with low birth weight had lower Corpulence and Height and arm lengths but higher Central:peripheral ratio and Shoulder diameter than other children. Children from high socio-economic position (SEP) families had higher Corpulence and Height and arm lengths than other children. Finally, white children had higher Corpulence and Central:peripheral ratio than mixed or black children. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive assessment by three-dimensional photonic scanning identified components of childhood body shape and size not captured by traditional anthropometry or body composition measures. Differences in these novel components by sex, birth weight, SEP and skin colour may indicate their potential relevance to disease risks.This article is based on data from the study ‘Pelotas Birth Cohort, 2004’ conducted by the Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology at Federal University of Pelotas, in collaboration with Brazilian Public Health Association (ABRASCO). The 2004 birth cohort study is supported by the Wellcome Trust through the scheme called ‘Major Awards for Latin America on Health Consequences of Population Change’. The World Health Organization, Brazilian National research Council (CNPq) and Brazilian Ministry of Health have supported previous phase of the study. LPS is supported by ‘Science without Borders’ Brazilian scheme under protocol number 201801/2014-0.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.3

Cobertura, foco, fatores associados à participação e vinculação à Campanha Nacional de Detecção de Diabetes em uma cidade no Sul do Brasil Coverage, focus, risk factors associated with participation, and linkage to the National Campaign for Diabetes Detection in a city in Southern Brazil

Medir cobertura, foco, fatores associados à participação e vinculação à Campanha Nacional de Detecção de Diabetes Mellitus em Pelotas, sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistadas 3.100 pessoas na zona urbana de Pelotas, em estudo transversal de base populacional. Utilizaram-se diferentes critérios para cobertura: utilização, cobertura entre usuários estimados, cobertura entre usuários declarados. O foco foi a proporção dos testes realizados em pessoas que atendiam a critérios de inclusão. As coberturas encontradas foram: utilização 45,8% (IC95%: 43,0-48,5), cobertura entre usuários estimados 37,7% (IC95%: 35,1-40,5), cobertura entre usuários declarados 38,5% (IC95%: 35,2-41,9). O foco foi de 46,5% (IC95%: 42,8-50,2). Sexo feminino, maior idade e menor escolaridade foram associados com aderência à campanha. Dentre aqueles com rastreamento positivo e sem diagnóstico prévio, 42,4% foram mais tarde vistos por médico e metade confirmou diagnóstico. A campanha teve baixa cobertura e foi pouco focalizada. Esforços devem ser concentrados em melhor atendimento aos já diagnosticados, vinculando-os aos serviços através de oferta regular de medicações e estratégias educativas.<br>The objective of this study was to measure coverage, focus, factors associated with participation, and linkage to the National Campaign for the Detection of Diabetes Mellitus in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. 3,100 individuals living within the city limits of Pelotas were interviewed in a cross-sectional study. Coverage was calculated based on different criteria: utilization, coverage among estimated users, and coverage among self-declared users. The focus was the proportion of tests performed in individuals who had met the inclusion criteria. Coverage rates were: utilization, 45.8% (95%CI: 43.0-48.5), among estimated users, 37.7% (95%CI: 35.1-40.5), and among self-declared users, 38.5% (95%CI: 35.2-41.9). Focus was 46.5% (95%CI: 42.8-50.2). Female gender, older age, and lower schooling were associated with adherence to the campaign. A total of 42.4% of individuals with positive screening tests but without prior diagnoses were subsequently examined by physicians, and half of the diagnoses were confirmed. The campaign showed a low coverage and poor focus. Efforts should be concentrated on improving care for individuals who have already been diagnosed, linking them to services by offering regular medication and educational strategies

Ventilatory function and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A cross-sectional study in young adults

© Garcia-Larsen et al.Background: The association between impaired lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been shown in adults. However, there is little evidence of such an association in young adults, particularly from South America, where the burden of CVD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is as high as that observed in more developed countries. We therefore investigated the relation between CVD risk factors including metabolic syndrome (MS), and lung function status in young adults from Chile. Methods: 970 subjects from a sample of 998 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile, were studied. A Spanish translation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), glyca

Uso do método Grade of Membership na identificação de perfis de consumo e comportamento alimentar de adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Com objetivo de identificar perfis de consumo e de comportamentos alimentares e descrever suas prevalências, aplicou-se o método Grade of Membership em dados de um inquérito sobre fatores de risco à saúde de adolescentes do ensino fundamental da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N = 1.632). Foram gerados quatro perfis: perfil "A" (12,1%), caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável, menos frequente dos alimentos não saudáveis e pela presença de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis; perfil "B" (45,8%), marcado pelo hábito de realizar o desjejum e três refeições/dia, consumo menos frequente de legumes e frutas e de cinco dos marcadores de alimentação não saudável; perfil "C" (22,8%), ausência de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis e pelo consumo menos frequente de legumes, frutas, leite, embutidos, biscoitos e refrigerantes; e perfil "D", caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos não saudáveis e menos frequente de legumes e frutas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de promoção da alimentação saudável nesta população