5,822 research outputs found
Restorative Justice-Informed Moral Acquaintance: Resolving the Dual Role Problem in Correctional and Forensic Practice
The issue of dual roles within forensic and correctional fields has typically been conceptualized as dissonanceâexperienced by practitionersâ when attempting to adhere to the conflicting ethical requirements associated with client well-being and community protection. In this paper, we argue that the dual role problem should be conceptualized more broadly; to incorporate the relationship between the offender and their victim. We also propose that Restorative Justice (RJ) is able to provide a preliminary ethical framework to deal with this common ethical oversight. Furthermore, we unite the RJ framework with that of Wardâs (2013) moral acquaintance model to provide a more powerful approachâRJ informed moral acquaintanceâaimed at addressing the ethical challenges faced by practitioners within forensic and correctional roles
Pick-up ions and associated wave energy transport at Comet P/Halley: A case study
During the flyby of the spacecraft Giotto at comet p/Halley Poynting vectors and ElsĂ€sser variables have been determined to study wave propagation directions. The observed wave properties are compared with the theoretically predicted RH â, LH + and LH â wave modes. Between 10:36 and 19:11 SCET on March 13, 1986 the predicted dominating energy propagation direction mostly corresponds with the observed one. Only between 12:11 and 13:44 SCET there is no agreement. In this region the excitation of waves is dominated by pickâup ions which are not locally implanted ions in the solar wind but have been pickedâup outside the plasma regime studied, and whose free energy is not already used up
Transient photovoltage in GaN as measured by atomic force microscope tip
We studied restoration of the band bending at the surface of undoped GaN layers after illumination with above-bandgap light. The photovoltage saturated with illumination at about 0.2â0.3 eV at room temperature, although the upward band bending for GaN in the dark is of the order of 1 eV. We attribute the photovoltage effect to charging of the surface states, the density of which is estimated at about 10^12 cm^â2. Restoration of the barrier after a light pulse is simulated by a phenomenological model whereby the acceptorlike surface states are emptied of electrons under illumination and filled back in dark due to thermionic transfer of free electrons from the bulk to the surface states over the near-surface barrier. Photoinduced desorption of oxygen also affects the value of the photovoltage if the illumination is prolonged
Indications for grain growth and mass decrease in cold dust disks around Classical T Tauri stars in the MBM 12 young association
We report detection of continuum emission at 850 and 450 micron from disks
around four Classical T Tauri stars in the MBM 12 (L1457) young association.
Using a simple model we infer masses of 0.0014-0.012 M_sun for the disk of LkHa
263 ABC, 0.005-0.021 M_sun for S18 ABab, 0.03-0.18 M_sun for LkHa 264 A, and
0.023-0.23 M_sun for LkHa 262. The disk mass found for LkHa 263 ABC is
consistent with the 0.0018 M_sun inferred from the scattered light image of the
edge-on disk around component C. Comparison to earlier 13CO line observations
indicates CO depletion by up to a factor 300 with respect to dark-cloud values.
The spectral energy distributions (SED) suggest grain growth, possibly to sizes
of a few hundred micron, but our spatially unresolved data cannot rule out
opacity as an explanation for the SED shape. Our observations show that these T
Tauri stars are still surrounded by significant reservoirs of cold material at
an age of 1-5 Myr. We conclude that the observed differences in disk mass are
likely explained by binary separation affecting the initial value. With
available accretion rate estimates we find that our data are consistent with
theoretical expectations for viscously evolving disks having decreased their
masses by ~30%.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, uses aastex. ApJ Letters, in pres
A Critique of Current Magnetic-Accretion Models for Classical T-Tauri Stars
Current magnetic-accretion models for classical T-Tauri stars rely on a
strong, dipolar magnetic field of stellar origin to funnel the disk material
onto the star, and assume a steady-state. In this paper, I critically examine
the physical basis of these models in light of the observational evidence and
our knowledge of magnetic fields in low-mass stars, and find it lacking.
I also argue that magnetic accretion onto these stars is inherently a
time-dependent problem, and that a steady-state is not warranted.
Finally, directions for future work towards fully-consistent models are
pointed out.Comment: 2 figure
Multi-Generational Star Formation in L1551
The L1551 molecular cloud contains two small clusters of Class 0 and I
protostars, as well as a halo of more evolved Class II and III YSOs, indicating
a current and at least one past burst of star formation. We present here new,
sensitive maps of 850 and 450 um dust emission covering most of the L1551
cloud, new CO J=2-1 data of the molecular cloud, and a new, deep, optical image
of [SII] emission. No new Class 0/I YSOs were detected. Compact sub-millimetre
emitters are concentrated in two sub-clusters: IRS5 and L1551NE, and the
HL~Tauri group. Both stellar groups show significant extended emission and
outflow/jet activity. A jet, terminating at HH 265 and with a very weak
associated molecular outflow, may originate from LkHa 358, or from a binary
companion to another member of the HL Tauri group. Several Herbig Haro objects
associated with IRS5/NE were clearly detected in the sub-mm, as were faint
ridges of emission tracing outflow cavity walls. We confirm a large-scale
molecular outflow originating from NE parallel to that from IRS5, and suggest
that the "hollow shell" morphology is more likely due to two interacting
outflows. We confirm the presence of a prestellar core (L1551-MC) of mass 2-3
Mo north-west of IRS5. The next generation cluster may be forming in this core.
The L1551 cloud appears cometary in morphology, and appears to be illuminated
and eroded from the direction of Orion, perhaps explaining the multiple
episodes of star formation in this cloud. The full paper (including figures)
can be downloaded at http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~gms/l1551/l1551-apj641.pdf, or
viewed at http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/~gms/l1551/.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, April 2006
(vol. 641). 27 pages, 17 figure
CHANDRA reveals galaxy cluster with the most massive nearby cooling core, RXCJ1504.1-0248
A CHANDRA follow-up observation of an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster with a
compact appearance, RXCJ1504.1-0248 discovered in our REFLEX Cluster Survey,
reveals an object with one of the most prominent cluster cooling cores. With a
core radius of ~30 kpc smaller than the cooling radius with ~140 kpc more than
70% of the high X-ray luminosity of Lbol = 4.3 10e45 erg s-1 of this cluster is
radiated inside the cooling radius. A simple modeling of the X-ray morphology
of the cluster leads to a formal mass deposition rate within the classical
cooling flow model of 1500 - 1900 Msun yr-1 (for h=0.7), and 2300 - 3000 Msun
yr-1 (for h=0.5). The center of the cluster is marked by a giant elliptical
galaxy which is also a known radio source. Thus it is very likely that we
observe one of the interaction systems where the central cluster AGN is heating
the cooling core region in a self-regulated way to prevent a massive cooling of
the gas, similar to several such cases studied in detail in more nearby
clusters. The interest raised by this system is then due to the high power
recycled in RXCJ1504-0248 over cooling time scales which is about one order of
magnitude higher than what occurs in the studied, nearby cooling core clusters.
The cluster is also found to be very massive, with a global X-ray temperature
of about 10.5 keV and a total mass of about 1.7 10e15 Msun inside 3 Mpc.Comment: accepted for publication in Astrophys. Journal, 10 figure
Investigating the implementation of SMS and mobile messaging In Population Screening (The SIPS Study): Protocol for a Delphi Study
Background The use of mobile messaging including Short Message Service (SMS) and Web-based messaging in healthcare has grown significantly. Using messaging to facilitate patient communication has been advocated in several circumstances including population screening. These programmes, however, pose unique challenges to mobile communication, as messaging is often sent from a central hub to a diverse population with differing needs. Despite this, there is a paucity of robust frameworks to guide implementation. Objective This protocol describes the methods that will be used to develop a guide for the principles of use of mobile messaging for population screening programmes in England. Methods This modified Delphi study will be conducted in two parts: evidence synthesis and consensus generation. The former will incorporate a literature review of publications from 1st January 2000 to the present. This will elicit key themes to inform an online scoping questionnaire posed to a group of experts from academia, clinical medicine, industry and public health. Thematic analysis of free-text responses by two independent authors will elicit items to be used in the consensus generation. Patient and Public Involvement groups will be convened to ensure that a comprehensive item list is generated, which represents the publicâs perspective. Each item will then be anonymously voted upon by experts as to its importance and feasibility of implementation in screening, during three rounds of a Delphi process. Consensus will be defined a priori at 70%, with items considered important and feasible eligible for inclusion into the final recommendation. A list of desirable items (important, but not currently feasible) will be developed to guide future work. Results The Institutional Review Board at Imperial College London has granted ethical approval (20IC6088). Results are expected to involve a list of recommendations to screening services with findings made available to screening services through Public Health England. This study will thus provide a formal guideline for the use of mobile messaging in screening services and provide future directions in this field. Discussion The use of mobile messaging has grown significantly across healthcare services, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic, but its implementation in screening programmes remains challenging. this modified Delphi approach with leading experts, will provide invaluable insights to facilitate incorporating messaging in these programmes, and create awareness of future developments in this area
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