Growth and calorific approximation in the speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

From the point of view of energy metabolism, appropriate measures of the rate of oxygen uptake would indicate the energy turnover or the capacity of the organism to perform external work in relation to its size and under the prevalent environmental conditions. Estimates of oxygen uptake when considered in conjunction with growth rate and calorific equivalent of the metabolic rate, would permit estimates of the total energy requirements of the individual. It has long been established, that the calorific equivalent of food consumed corresponds to the heat output plus the heat equivalent of excreta, and that such a measurement of metabolism can be verified also by indirect calorimetric methods based on the gas exchange of the animal

Particle-stabilized oscillating diver: a self-assembled responsive capsule

We report the experimental discovery of a self-assembled capsule, with density set by interfacial glass beads and an internal bubble, that automatically performs regular oscillations up and down a vial in response to a temperature gradient. Similar composites featuring interfacial particles and multiple internal compartments could be the solution to a variety of application challenges.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of a One-Dimensional Transient Entrained-flow GEE/Texaco Coal Gasifier

Numerous gasifier models of varying complexity have been developed to study the various aspects of gasifier performance. These range from simple one-dimensional (1D) models to rigorous higher order 3D models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Even though high-fidelity CFD models can accurately predict many key aspects of gasifier performance, they are computationally expensive and typically take hours to days to execute even on high-performance computers. Therefore, faster 1D partial differential equation (PDE)-based models are required for use in dynamic simulation studies, control system analysis, and training applications.;In the current study, a 1D transient model of a single-stage downward-firing entrained flow General Electric Energy (GEE)/Texaco-type gasifier has been developed. The model comprises mass, momentum and energy balances for the gas and solid phases. A detailed energy balance across the wall of the gasifier has been incorporated in the model to calculate the wall temperature profile along the gasifier length. This balance considers a detailed radiative transfer model with variable view factors between the various surfaces of the gasifier and with the solid particles. The model considers the initial gasification processes of water evaporation and coal devolatilization. In addition, the key heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions have been modeled. The resulting time-dependent PDE model is solved using the method of lines in Aspen Custom ModelerRTM, whereby the PDEs are discretized in the spatial domain and the resulting differential algebraic equations (DAEs) are then integrated over time using a variable step integrator.;Results from the steady-state model and parametric studies have been presented. These results include the gas, solid, and wall temperature profiles, concentrations profiles of the solid and gas species, effects of the oxygen-to-coal ratio and water-to-coal ratio on temperature, conversion, cold gas efficiency, and species compositions. In addition, the dynamic response of the gasifier to the disturbances commonly encountered in real-life is presented. These disturbances include ramp and step changes in input variables such as coal flow rate, oxygen-to-coal ratio, and water-to-coal ratio among others. The results from the steady-state and dynamic models compare very well with the data from pilot plants, operating plants, and previous studies

Successful term pregnancy after uterine artery embolization for caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report

The incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy range from 1 in 1800 to 1 in 2500 of all pregnancies. It has been estimated that 6.1% of pregnancies in women with at least one previous Caesarean section and a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy will be Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). There is no consensus on the management of CSP. An invasive intervention such as excision of scar ectopic can reduce recurrence but affects patient’s fertility. Conservative management like administration of methotrexate and uterine artery embolization (UAE) is specially important for young women who want to keep their fertility. This is a case report of a 29-year-old woman who presented with persistent heavy bleeding following failed MTP at 12 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonogarphy was suggestive of Caesarean scar pregnancy and MRI of chronic left adnexal ectopic. Laparotomy also was suggestive of Caesarean scar ectopic. She was managed conservatively with UAE followed by Methotrexate. The procedure was performed successfully, and the patient’s fertility was preserved. Follow up consisted of serial bhCG monitoring which gradually returned to normal levels. She conceived four years after UAE and had an uneventful antenatal period and underwent Elective Cesaraen section at 38 weeks. For those patients with CSP who desire future pregnancy, the comprehensive treatment including UAE can be considered in management

Discrete Breathers in One-Dimensional Diatomic Granular Crystals

We report the experimental observation of discrete breathers in a one-dimensional diatomic granular crystal composed of compressed elastic beads that interact via Hertzian contact. We first characterize their effective linear spectrum both theoretically and experimentally. We then illustrate theoretically and numerically the modulational instability of the lower edge of the optical band. This leads to the dynamical formation of long-lived breather structures, whose families of solutions we compute throughout the linear spectral gap. Finally, we observe experimentally such localized breathing modes with quantitative characteristics that agree with our numerical results.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Reducing the Negative Effects of Ear-Canal Occlusion

The negative effects of ear-canal occlusion are discussed as are methods that have been tried to reduce those effects. An adaptive filtering algorithm that could reduce the negative effects of ear-canal occlusion is proposed. Experiments and subjective listening tests are performed to test its effectiveness. It is concluded that the algorithm can effectively reduce the body-conducted signals trapped in the occluded ear canal that escape when the canal is unoccluded. Before it is implemented in hardware, a real-time simulation of the algorithm should be done and several people should judge its effectiveness

Ultrasonic studies on interionic interactions of some alkali metal halides in aqueous d-glucose solution at varying molalities and temperatures

The  present experimental investigation was carried out in order to explore the possible molecular interionic interactions of alkali metal halides namely, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide and potassium iodide in aqueous D-glucose solution at 303.15, 308.15K and 313.15 K. Experimental values of density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocities (U) were carried out on the liquid ternary mixtures of water +D-glucose + alkali metal halides The binary solvent mixture of water + D-glucose was prepared under molality(m) basis say, at two fixed   molalities (0.2 and 0.4mol.kg-1). Alkali metal halides (NaCl, KCl, KBr and KI) were added under different molalities with these binary solvent mixtures. The related and relevant parameters correlated to our present study such as adiabatic compressibility (b), molal hydration number (nH), apparent molal compressibility (jk), apparent molal volume (jv), limiting apparent molal compressibility ( ), limiting apparent molal volume ( ) and their associated constants (SK, SV), partial transfer volume (∆ ) from water to aqueous solution were determined. In order to stress more on the viscometric data to substantiate its importance, the viscosity B-coefficient has been meticulously evaluated, The present investigation has exploited the possible molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, solute-solvent, solute-solute etc., which are identified and eventually discussed about the behaviour of solutes (alkali metal halides) in the solvent mixture

Ultrasonic studies on interionic interactions of some alkali metal halides in aqueous d-glucose solution at varying molalities and temperatures

The present experimental investigation was carried out in order to explore the possible molecular interionic interactions of alkali metal halides namely, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide and potassium iodide in aqueous D-glucose solution at 303.15, 308.15K and 313.15 K. Experimental values of density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocities (U) were carried out on the liquid ternary mixtures of water +D-glucose + alkali metal halides The binary solvent mixture of water + D-glucose was prepared under molality(m) basis say, at two fixed   molalities (0.2 and 0.4mol.kg-1). Alkali metal halides (NaCl, KCl, KBr and KI) were added under different molalities with these binary solvent mixtures. The related and relevant parameters correlated to our present study such as adiabatic compressibility (b), molal hydration number (nH), apparent molal compressibility (jk), apparent molal volume (jv), limiting apparent molal compressibility ( ), limiting apparent molal volume ( ) and their associated constants (SK, SV), partial transfer volume (∆ ) from water to aqueous solution were determined. In order to stress more on the viscometric data to substantiate its importance, the viscosity B-coefficient has been meticulously evaluated, The present investigation has exploited the possible molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, solute-solvent, solute-solute etc., which are identified and eventually discussed about the behaviour of solutes (alkali metal halides) in the solvent mixture.&nbsp

Rework causes classification model with liable parties of the contract in construction projects

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Does Conservation Agriculture Matters in Swazis’ Economy? Evidence from Maize Producing Farmers in Ngwempisi Rural Development Area of Swaziland

The purpose of the study was to determine the economic impact of conservation agriculture on maize production in the Ngwempisi Rural Development Area of Swaziland. Data were obtained from maize farmers distributed equally among farmers practicing conservation agriculture and conventional agriculture. Data obtained were analyzed by the use of descriptive analysis as well as budgeting technique of analysis. Results showed that maize farmers operating under conservation agriculture obtained higher profit level with an average gross margin of about E 3609 compared with an average gross margin of about E161 obtained for maize farmers who operated under conventional agriculture. Majority of farmers practicing conservation agriculture were males with an average age of about 48 years. It was recommended that famers who are currently not practicing conservation agriculture should adopt the method. Key words: Conservation agriculture, production, input costs, Swazilan