Projectile Δ\Delta Excitations in p(p,n)Nπp(p,n)N\pi Reactions

It has recently been proven from measurements of the spin-transfer coefficients $D_{xx}$ and $D_{zz}$ that there is a small but non-vanishing $\Delta S=0$ component $\sigma_{0}$, in the inclusive $p(p,n)N\pi\,$ reaction cross section $\sigma\,$. It is shown that the dominant part of the measured $\sigma_{0}$ can be explained in terms of the projectile $\Delta$ excitation mechanism. An estimate is further made of contributions to $\sigma_{0}$ from s-wave rescattering process. It is found that s-wave rescattering contribution is much smaller than the contribution coming from projectile $\Delta$ excitation mechanism. The addition of s-wave rescattering contribution to the dominant part, however, improves the fit to the data.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, figures can be obtained upon reques

Materials and energy assessment in Ceequal transport projects

The growing prominence of sustainability assessment and carbon calculators in the transport sector has led to a greater general awareness of the sustainability issues associated with infrastructure projects. Ceequal, the assessment and awards scheme for improving sustainability in civil engineering and public realm projects, is identified as the leading methodology for assessing such projects in the UK. Ceequal evaluates sustainability by asking questions over 12 sections, including material and energy use, which previous research has identified as important topics for transport projects. This paper presents analysis of 24 Ceequal projects which are transportrelated. It shows that high scores in the material use category have a high correlation to overall project scores. Conversely scores in the energy usage section appear to show little relation to overall project performance. An evaluation of road projects within those assessed reveal a number of what can be considered core transport topics and other topics that have little impact on the overall Ceequal score. Therefore recommendations are made for the development of Ceequal, including the rationalisation of material and energy question sets. The methodology outlined in this work could also be extended to the remaining ten Ceequal sections to develop a suite of more specific assessment schemes focused on different categories of civil engineering projects

Stakeholder views of materials selection for road pavements

The growing prominence of Carbon calculators in the road construction sector has lead to a greater general awareness of the sustainability issues associated with road pavement materials and their selection. This paper presents results from a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders from the highways industry, which were used to gain an understanding of industry perceptions on the use of sustainability assessment in the selection of highway materials for road construction. The stakeholders consulted ranged from government bodies and trade associations to contractors and academics. Analysis of the interviews has shown that there is a clear focus on Carbon/Climate change. The frequency with which various topics were mentioned has been used in the analysis to produce a basic hierarchy of sustainability drivers for the highways industry. A comparison is also made against the existing civil engineering environmental quality assessment and award scheme (Ceequal) categories to identify gaps and areas of consensus to further enhance Ceequal. The paper concludes that several factors should be taken forward within any on-going development of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) frameworks or Carbon assessment methodologies for road construction projects including, Carbon (footprinting)/Climate change, Maintenance phase considerations and broader Environmental Issues

The Chameleon Team

Project Leaders: Barbara Buffaloe, Katie Grantham Lough, Luke Wesselschmidt, Jacqueline McDermott-Kelty, Rashad Abdul-Majid, Bryan Glass, Heather BensonProposal for the 2008 project: "The Chameleon Team." The University of Missouri?Columbia (MU) and Missouri University of Science and Technology (S&T) have teamed to develop an exciting energy conservation product. The Chameleon project will produce an artificially intelligent residential energy management system designed to blend into its environment. Upon successful completion of this project, the Chameleon home automation system will enable the average homeowner to conserve energy and save money by simply having the system installed in their home and not changing any of their daily activities. This total budget of the design, development, and implementation of Chameleon�s prototypes is well over the budget for this funding opportunity, this proposal will focus on the educational partnerships required to develop the user interface for the system. This multi?university undergraduate student project incorporates engineering, architectural studies, and interior design students to develop a seamlessly integrated and highly functioning home automation system that requires no technical skills to operate. The underlying technology that enables the project is the IT capabilities of both universities which will enable weekly video?conference design meetings as well as internet accessible energy monitoring data available in real �time. In addition, students on both campuses utilize computer programs specific to their disciplines and learn program associated with other disciplines due to the multidisciplinary efforts required. For example, S&T students use the computer program, Maui Solar, to estimate the size and placement of solar panels for home energy production. MU students often suggest solar energy production on their concept designs but do not know the details of how and where to place the modules. Working together with the computer program, students from both campuses are learning the importance of each disciplines� core software programs. The Chameleon team�s proposal for the Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund meets the requirement from the MU Information Technology Committee. The student led team is working to make the UM system a leader in energy conservation through the use of cutting edge technology and multidisciplinary design efforts that make the technology available to the average homeowner.MU Interdisciplinary Innovations Fun

Physical Activity Intervention Adaptation: Recommendations from Rural American Indian Older Adults

Preventive interventions are critical to improving health equity among American Indian (AI) populations, yet interventions that promote physical activity (PA) among AI populations are scarce. This research addresses the research-to-practice gap by informing the adaption and implementation process of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) among rural AI older adults. We used a community-based approach and an Indigenous-focused adaptation theoretical framework. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews elicited detailed information on preferences for PA intervention among rural AI older adults. We applied a collaborative directed content analysis strategy, and established trustworthiness and relevance using an inter-rater reliability process and member checking. We conducted 21 interviews, all participants identified as AI, the mean age was 66 years (SD = 7.6), and 57% were female. Themes characterized contextual and cultural intervention considerations for adapting and implementing evidence-based PA interventions in rural AI older adults. Key findings included an emphasis on social and community interaction, strategies for targeted engagement, preference for group format, pairing PA sessions with shared meals, and inclusiveness in the PA intervention across ability levels and age groups. This study identified opportunities for adaptation of PA-focused EBIs among rural AI older adults. Findings can be applied to support the adaptation and implementation of effective and relevant PA-focused preventive interventions among this population which is at high risk for chronic disease and health disparities.Ye

Uplifting the voices of rural American Indian older adults to improve understanding of physical activity behavior

American Indian (AI) older adults experience pronounced health disparities and demonstrate one of the lowest levels of physical activity (PA) among racial and ethnic groups. Nearly half of AI older adults live in rural areas, indicating distinct challenges to participation in PA. Research to identify factors influencing PA in this population is missing from the literature, yet is critical to informing culturally relevant PA intervention development and implementation. The purpose was to identify barriers to and facilitators of PA among rural AI older adults using the ecological model and qualitative methods. A community-based approach was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with rural AI older adults. Interview questions were based on a multilevel ecological model. Content analysis was performed, using an iterative coding process to identify findings. The mean age of participants (n = 21) was 66 years. Barriers to and facilitators of PA were identified across ecological model levels. Barriers included factors such as caregiving and community responsibilities, lack of acceptable areas for walking, and overall lack of community-level support for older adult health. Facilitators included a personal connection to the land and ancestors through PA, multigenerational participation, and supportive tribal policies. This study addressed a gap in the literature by identifying barriers to and facilitators of PA among rural AI older adults, which can inform PA intervention development. With barriers and facilitators identified by AI older adults themselves, the voices of those directly affected are uplifted to shape efforts toward addressing longstanding health disparities through relevant public health interventions.Ye

Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder among youth engaged in primary care: data from 6 health systems

PURPOSE: Little is known about prevalence and treatment of OUD among youth engaged in primary care (PC). Medications are the recommended treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) for adolescents and young adults (youth). This study describes the prevalence of OUD, the prevalence of medication treatment for OUD, and patient characteristics associated with OUD treatment among youth engaged in PC. METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes youth aged 16-25 years engaged in PC. Eligible patients had ≥ 1 PC visit during fiscal years (FY) 2014-2016 in one of 6 health systems across 6 states. Data from electronic health records and insurance claims were used to identify OUD diagnoses, office-based OUD medication treatment, and patient demographic and clinical characteristics in the FY of the first PC visit during the study period. Descriptive analyses were conducted in all youth, and stratified by age (16-17, 18-21, 22-25 years). RESULTS: Among 303,262 eligible youth, 2131 (0.7%) had a documented OUD diagnosis. The prevalence of OUD increased by ascending age groups. About half of youth with OUD had documented depression or anxiety and one third had co-occurring substance use disorders. Receipt of medication for OUD was lowest among youth 16-17 years old (14%) and highest among those aged 22-25 (39%). CONCLUSIONS: In this study of youth engaged in 6 health systems across 6 states, there was low receipt of medication treatment, and high prevalence of other substance use disorders and mental health disorders. These findings indicate an urgent need to increase medication treatment for OUD and to integrate treatment for other substance use and mental health disorders

(U-Th)/He zircon dating of Chesapeake Bay distal impact ejecta from ODP site 1073

Single crystal (U‐Th)/He dating has been undertaken on 21 detrital zircon grains extracted from a core sample from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1073, which is located ~390 km northeast of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Optical and electron imaging in combination with energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDS) of zircon grains from this late Eocene sediment shows clear evidence of shock metamorphism in some zircon grains, which suggests that these shocked zircon crystals are distal ejecta from the formation of the ~40 km diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (U‐Th/He) dates for zircon crystals from this sediment range from 33.49 ± 0.94 to 305.1 ± 8.6 Ma (2σ), implying crystal‐to‐crystal variability in the degree of impact‐related resetting of (U‐Th)/He systematics and a range of different possible sources. The two youngest zircon grains yield an inverse‐variance weighted mean (U‐Th)/He age of 33.99 ± 0.71 Ma (2σ uncertainties n = 2; mean square weighted deviation = 2.6; probability [P] = 11%), which is interpreted to be the (U‐Th)/He age of formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. This age is in agreement with K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, and fission track dates for tektites from the North American strewn field, which have been interpreted as associated with the Chesapeake Bay impact event