32 research outputs found
Introduction to the mathematical theory of knowledge conceptualization: Conceptual systems and structures
The paper departs from the general problem of knowledge integration
and the basic strategies that can be adopted to confront this challenge. With the
purpose of providing a sound meta-theoretical framework to facilitate knowledge
conceptualization and integration, as well as assessment criteria to evaluate
achievements regarding knowledge integration, the paper first reviews the previous
work in the field of conceptual spaces. It subsequently gives an overview of
structural tools and mechanisms for knowledge representation, recapped in the
modal stratified bond model of global knowledge. On these groundings, a novel
formalized representation of conceptual systems, structures, spaces and algebras
is developed through a set of definitions which goes beyond the exploration of
mental knowledge representation and the semantics of natural languages. These
two components provide a sound framework for the development of the glossaLAB
international project with respect to its two basic objectives, namely (i)
facilitating knowledge integration in general and particularly in the context of the
general study of information and systems; (ii) facilitating the assessment of the
achievements as regards knowledge integration in interdisciplinary settings. An
additional article tackles the solutions adopted to integrate these results in the
elucidation of the conceptual network of the general study of information and
systems.2019-2
Diagnosis and treatment of rotatory knee instability
BACKGROUND
Rotatory knee instability is an abnormal, complex three-dimensional motion that can involve pathology of the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral ligaments, bony alignment, and menisci. To understand the abnormal joint kinematics in rotatory knee instability, a review of the anatomical structures and their graded role in maintaining rotational stability, the importance of concomitant pathologies, as well as the different components of the knee rotation motion will be presented.
MAIN BODY
The most common instability pattern, anterolateral rotatory knee instability in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient patient, will be discussed in detail. Although intra-articular ACL reconstruction is the gold standard treatment for ACL injury in physically active patients, in some cases current techniques may fail to restore native knee rotatory stability. The wide range of diagnostic options for rotatory knee instability including manual testing, different imaging modalities, static and dynamic measurement, and navigation is outlined. As numerous techniques of extra-articular tenodesis procedures have been described, performed in conjunction with ACL reconstruction, to restore anterolateral knee rotatory stability, a few of these techniques will be described in detail, and discuss the literature concerning their outcome.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the essence of reducing anterolateral rotatory knee instability begins and ends with a well-done, anatomic ACL reconstruction, which may be performed with consideration of extra-articular tenodesis in a select group of patients