20 research outputs found
Exploration of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Subcortical Brain Volumes and Anorexia Nervosa
In MRI scans of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), reductions in brain volume are often apparent. However, it is unknown whether such brain abnormalities are influenced by genetic determinants that partially overlap with those underlying AN. Here, we used a battery of methods (LD score regression, genetic risk scores, sign test, SNP effect concordance analysis, and Mendelian randomization) to investigate the genetic covariation between subcortical brain volumes and risk for AN based on summary measures retrieved from genome-wide association studies of regional brain volumes (ENIGMA consortium, nâ=â13,170) and genetic risk for AN (PGC-ED consortium, nâ=â14,477). Genetic correlations ranged from ââ0.10 to 0.23 (all pâ>â0.05). There were some signs of an inverse concordance between greater thalamus volume and risk for AN (permuted pâ=â0.009, 95% CI: [0.005, 0.017]). A genetic variant in the vicinity of ZW10, a gene involved in cell division, and neurotransmitter and immune system relevant genes, in particular DRD2, was significantly associated with AN only after conditioning on its association with caudate volume (pFDRâ=â0.025). Another genetic variant linked to LRRC4C, important in axonal and synaptic development, reached significance after conditioning on hippocampal volume (pFDRâ=â0.021). In this comprehensive set of analyses and based on the largest available sample sizes to date, there was weak evidence for associations between risk for AN and risk for abnormal subcortical brain volumes at a global level (that is, common variant genetic architecture), but suggestive evidence for effects of single genetic markers. Highly powered multimodal brain- and disorder-related genome-wide studies are needed to further dissect the shared genetic influences on brain structure and risk for AN
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Magnetic moment and lifetime measurements of Coulomb-excited states in Cd 106
Background: The Cd isotopes are well studied, but experimental data for the rare isotopes are sparse. At energies above the Coulomb barrier, higher states become accessible. Purpose: Remeasure and supplement existing lifetimes and magnetic moments of low-lying states in Cd106. Methods: In an inverse kinematics reaction, a Cd106 beam impinging on a C12 target was used to Coulomb excite the projectiles. The high recoil velocities provide a unique opportunity to measure g factors with the transient-field technique and to determine lifetimes from lineshapes by using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Large-scale shell-model calculations were carried out for Cd106. Results: The g factors of the 21+ and 41+ states in Cd106 were measured to be g(21+)=+0.398(22) and g(41+)=+0.23(5). A lineshape analysis yielded lifetimes in disagreement with published values. The new results are Ï(Cd106;21+)=7.0(3)ps and Ï(Cd106;41+)=2.5(2)ps. The mean life Ï(Cd106;22+)=0.28(2)ps was determined from the fully-Doppler-shifted Îł line. Mean lives of Ï(Cd106;43+)=1.1(1)ps and Ï(Cd106;31-)=0.16(1)ps were determined for the first time. Conclusions: The newly measured g(41+) of Cd106 is found to be only 59% of the g(21+). This difference cannot be explained by either shell-model or collective-model calculations
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Z=50 core stability in Sn 110 from magnetic-moment and lifetime measurements
Background: The structure of the semimagic Sn50 isotopes were previously studied via measurements of B(E2;21+â01+) and g factors of 21+ states. The values of the B(E2;21+) in the isotopes below midshell at N = 66 show an enhancement in collectivity, contrary to predictions from shell-model calculations. Purpose: This work presents the first measurement of the 21+ and 41+ states' magnetic moments in the unstable neutron-deficient Sn110. The g factors provide complementary structure information to the interpretation of the observed B(E2) values. Methods: The Sn110 nuclei have been produced in inverse kinematics in an α-particle transfer reaction from C12 to Cd106 projectiles at 390, 400, and 410 MeV. The g factors have been measured with the transient field technique. Lifetimes have been determined from line shapes using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. Results: The g factors of the 21+ and 41+ states in Sn110 are g(21+) = +0.29(11) and g(41+) = +0.05(14), respectively. In addition, the g(41+) = +0.27(6) in Cd106 has been measured for the first time. A line-shape analysis yielded Ï(110Sn;21+) = 0.81(10) ps and a lifetime of Ï(110Sn;31-) = 0.25(5) ps was calculated from the fully Doppler-shifted Îł line. Conclusions: No evidence has been found in Sn110 that would require excitation of protons from the closed Z=50 core
AVALIAĂĂO DA QUALIDADE DE MĂIS DE ABELHAS AFRICANIZADAS E SEM FERRĂO NATIVAS DO NORDESTE DO ESTADO DO PARĂ
miR-541-3p enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting HSP27 expression and downregulating ÎČ-catenin
Batch and Continuous Ultrasonic Reactors for the Production of Methyl Esters from Vegetable Oils
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Functionality improvement of virgin coconut oil through physical blending and chemical interesterification
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Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group.
Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 Ă 10-21), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 Ă 10-21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 Ă 10-19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD